| Taoist ci in Jin Period and Yuan Dynasty is a peculiar cultural phenomenon in the history of ci. In Jin Period it includes several important phases such as its rise, prosperity and the trend of scholars. The important representative figure of Quan Zhen religion, Seven-Zhen-men, mainly lives in Jin Period and they have many ci works handed down. Especially Wang Zhe opens the style of Quan Zhen poem and ci. So the essay studies 13 ci writers of Taoists and makes a brief research on Taoist ci whose rising background, general description of content, art form, influence, status and role in the literature history.I. The Background of Taoist Ci1. The rising causes of Quan Zhen in Jin Period: It's by no means accidental for Quan Zhen to arise in northern China and it's the result of common influences produced by the demand of Taoism self-development and the situation of that period. Judging from Taoism self-development, the traditional Taoism in Bei Song Period exposes many problems and push it to the reform verge. As far as the background of times is concerned, the sharp contradictory in Song and Jin periods is a direct moment to produce Quan Zhen.2. The following three features of Quan Zhen different from the traditional Taoism: First, Quan Zhen is the merging thoughts of three religions and adopts the thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In accordance with the social trend of thought it establishes a new set of religious theory. Next, Quan Zhen also initiates a "Nei Dang" on distinguishing moral characters and discerning temperament. They directly carries out the theory of Zhong Liquan and Lu Dongbin, meanwhile they adopt the theory of the Chan sect and link up Tao, conscience and temperament. Quan Zhen still establishes the system of religious ethics and virtues on the basis of filial obedience.3. Who make up believers of Quan Zhen: In the early time Wang Zhe starts the religion, he spreads it to the people whose social ranks are middle or low. Analyzing from ci works of Quan Zhen, a lot of them are presenting and advisory works and some of them are written by female believers. Meanwhile Quan Zhen pays much attention to making friends and admitting literaturescholars. So they form a class of higher cultural cultivation in Quan Zhen. They are a main force to propagate the religious purpose, develop the religious doctrine and propose Taoism in poem and ci.4. The spreading way of Quan Zhen :Quan Zhen recruits believers massively in a form of society and this feature is decided by the religious crowd. In this organitional form of society the bishop himself propagates believers the religion not only to achieve a better result but also recruit a mass of believers in a short time. Believers of Quan Zhen with higher ranks do missionary work in ci and it has become a well-known and popular art form to all the people through the development of Tang and Song dynasties. Judging from both the spread and acceptance of Taoism purpose and the Taoism purpose in accordance with the features of ci style, it is an excellent tool of doing missionary work. But clearly speaking, believers of Quan Zhen do missionary work not only in poem, shu, bang wen, questions and answers, and many other literal forms.On the other hand, although Taoist ci appears in Tang Dynasty, these Taoist ci works record the cultivated description in verse. And this description in verse is dirty in words, readers are Taoists, not common people, so it is not fit for them. Writing ci is a method to record the cultivation and it doesn't advise common people. So directly speaking, doing missionary work and giving guidance to common people in ci start from Quan Zhen.II. A Summary on Taoist Ci of Quan Zhen in Jin Period"A Complete Collection of Ci in Jin Period and Yuan Dynasty" compiled by Mr. Tang Guizhang completely includes Taoist ci in Jin Period and Yuan Dynasty, in which there are more than 2,700 Quan Zhen ci by 13 writers. Its contents are roughly divided into four basic types: The first is presenting ci as a gift and... |
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