A Comparative Study Of The Tusi System Between Northwest And Southwest Of China In Yuan. Ming And Qing Dynasty

The traditional thoughts to administer the broader areas are to suit measures to local conditions and to govern from conventions. Proceeding from these thoughts and basing on the concrete conditions in Northwest and Southwest of China, in the dynasties of Yuan, Ming and Qing pursued the Tusi system. Its pursuance, development and evolvements in these areas not only shows its entirety but also reflects their owe regional character. In this text, basing on the entirety of the Tusi system, we made a comparative study of its regional between then Northwest and Southwest of China. In Northwest of China, Tusi, the post, which could be passed on from generation to generation, was mostly offered because of their military exploit. Most of the Tusi were the chief of the original tribes. There were also some who were Han, Menggu and Semu people. While some people would be the leader of one tribe because of their long-time living to govern, then some foreign Tusi were formed. As lower rank military posts, they mostly served in garrison in Gansu and Qinghai. Their relationship with the Central Court was in perfect harmony. Tusi were always controlled by Liuguan and did what the imperial court wanted then to do, so the system was very successful. The relationship between Tusi and Tibetan Buddhism had two ways, one was combine politics with religion like a family, and the secular political power was much larger than the religious power. The other was the single Senggang system in which the uncle handed down his post to his nephew In Southwest of China, there had existed some tribes for several generations, and later their chief was offered as Tusi. Every province had its own Tusi whose formations were very perfect. Because the power of Tusi was larger, Liuguan could not control them. Tusi controlled even some Liuguan. Some often resisted or rebelled the Central Court. In Tibet, the leaders of Tibetan Buddhism were also the leaders of its political affairs, so religious power was larger than the secular political power; it was a typical system to combine politics with religion. In Tibetan areas of Sichuan and Yunnan, the upper monks and priests together with feudal serf owners formed a system, which combined politics with religions, the political power and religious power developed with their own powers. From all above, we can find the unique style of Tusi system in Northwest of China and the typical character of Tusi system. In Southwest of China, we can also find how their differences are caused and their inspiration to our later generation.