The Study On Lukun's Idea Of Dao

As a thinker who lived during the late in Ming Dynasty , the philosophy thought of Lukun' s (A.D.1536-1618) has been involved by many scholars today, but the most important part of his philosophy thought has been studied less. Even if mentioned, it appears simpler and incomplete. So there is necessity to study on.This essay, based on some results of study of today, tries to do some further research on Lukun' s idea of Dao and hopes to reappear the succinct of this great old thinker.There are four parts in this article except preface and the last comment. The first section deals with Lukun' s biographical note and learned background of Ming Dynasty. Here not only does present Lukun' s biographical note but his learning survey. From these materials related, we can see that the great thinker matched his words with his deeds. Lukun' scholarship had been completed during the time when he lived his hometown, so we can conclude that his idea of Dao was the crystallization of his personal experience. This part also introduces briefly the learning developing situation of that ages: As the ruling class philosophy , Master Chu' theory was challenged by Master Wang' s theory and at the same time their inherits in Ming Dynasty had much malady in learning.The second part explicit the concrete the intension of Dao and his theory of DaoMai. LuKun's theory of DaoMai was based on his idea of Dao. The Dao means "standard "and "ways of action or conduction", on the one hand its name is "middle" or "one". Or "way of middle", and on the other hand it also is "act or conduct properly" or "having kept one's action properly". According to the special learning environment, LuKun put forward his theory of DaoMai and named DaoMai "middle" or "proper".The third section is an interpretation on Dao from the ontology angle. Dao is Qi from its origin, because Qi had been considered to be the origin of the whole world. Dao is invisible, but it truly is being. Dao exits in every concrete beings, but it is not Qi directly, because Li is the attribute of Qi. LuKun's Dao is entity of Li and Qi. The last part reveals the peculiarity of Dao as itself. Dao is made up of two aspects, namely, it consists of matter and reason. LuKun emphasized man should take fully advantage of the aspect of the reason of Dao to defeat the aspect of matter of Dao. Defeating thematter means "manage Li to resist Qi", and only by the way one can make the way of renewing one's good honest natural character come true.The forth part deals with the relation of man's Xin, Xing and Tao, and at the same time revealing the realization of XingDao. LuKun persisted in theory of YiXin and opposed those theories of separating man's character into two different parts. LuKun inherited the theory of DaoXin and RenXin of Chu's and explained DaoXin "middle" and put forward the theory of YiXin, Which means DaoXin is RenXin.Finally the last part of the essay is several personal viewpoints that why the thought of Dao influenced slightly to late scholars. This section is the summarization of the whole content, discussing the style of expression of Dao, how the theory of Dao had been put forward and what the trait of Dao is ,etc.Generally Tao of LuKun is provided with unique characteristics.