On The Yuanfeng Restructuring

This text makes a systematic arrangement on the official system of the Yuanfeng Restructuring which has been directed by the Emperor Song Shenzong. And on the basis of this study, the text analyses merits and demerits of the Yuanfeng Restructuring.The first part of this text analyses mainly drawbacks of the official system in the Song Dynasty before the Yuanfeng Restructuring. In the earlier stage of the Song Dynasty, there has been many drawbacks of the official system as follows:the official name has' t been in consistent with the real powers , the organization has been heavy and complicated, with the result that each other has been tied up and has been unworthy of the name, personnels and expenses have been redundant so that financial resources have been exhausted, the system of the official name which has expressed official rank and official' s salary in the Song Dynasty has been into confusion,etc.The second part of this text presents in detail and systematically contents of the official reform during the Yuanfeng period. Contents of the Yuanfeng Restructuring have been extensive and detailed. The core of the restructuring is to return the official system in the Song Dynasty to the official system in the Tang Dynasty, that' s to say the system of "San Sheng and Liu Bu" , remove idle official posts, change the official into the rank, and formulate the new form which is the system of the official name which has expressed official rank and official' s salary. Hereafter, the official' s promoting and salary have handled according to the new form.The third part of this text appraises objectively merits anddemerits of the Yuanfeng Restructuring. This text analyses and appraises in detail from two aspects as follows:the positive role, that' s to say the Yuanfeng Restructuring has expected the reality to correspond to the name, has cut down many overlapping organizations, as a result has ended the chaotic situation which has lied from the last of the Tang Dynasty to the earlier stage of the Song Dynasty. The negative role has reflected as follows:has not solved entirely redundant personnels and expenses, after the Yuanfeng Restructuring the administrative efficiency has been lower than before, there has been many oversights and omissions, etc.The last part of this text is conclusion, this text concludes briefly main arguments, and on the basis of this study, the text analyses briefly failure causes of the Yuanfeng Restructuring. The Emperor Song Shenzong has went into a dilemma which he has expected to resume old feats which have been produced during the Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty and keep forefathers' domestic disciplines. The dilemma has led to a inconsistency between the Emperor Song Shenzong' s subjective motive and reform effects. What' s more the Emperor Song Shenzong has rigidly adhered to history, and has carried heavy loads on the back, has not considered the difference of the times, and has attempted to solve real problems by obsolete political theories and models. As a result, things have went contrary to his wishes, and real effects have lost contact with goals. Not only have original problems not been solved entirely, but also some new drawbacks have arised so that the social contradictory has become more acute, at last the official reform has' t been entire even has failed.