The Investigation Of The Tense And Aspect Character Of The Dynamic An Auxiliary "Le₁"

This paper is focused on examining "le1" on its features as time indicator and its meanings of tense.1. Features as time indicatorThe paper took the sentence with two verbs and the narrative sentence in "V + le + O" form as the objects of examination, and analyzed its features as time indictor.The sentences with two verbs in this paper included: (1) V1 and V2 indicating the time order of action; (2) V2 indicating the purpose; (3) V1 indicating the way or tool; (4) V2 indicating the result.In the sentence with V1 and V2 indicating the time order of action, the two actions of V1 and V2 happen one after another. "le1" sometimes appears after V1 and sometimes after V2. Viewed from the whole sentence, the time adverbial of the sentence can be determined by the relation between the conditional time of V1 and the speaking time, or by the relation between the conditional time of V2 and the speaking time. "le1" appears in the following structure of time: (E1T or E2T)<(RT≤ST)("<" means before certain time), which signifies that the conditional time comes before the speaking time and thus the time adverbial of the sentence is a factual one.In the two-verb sentence indicating the purpose, the time adverbial is determined by the relation between the conditional time of V2 and the speaking time. "le1" is located behind V2. Viewed from the absolute time, the conditional time of V2---E2T, comes before the speaking time and thus the time adverbial of the sentence is a factual one. V2 is the primary verb of the sentence, while the primary verb refers to the verb followed by "le1" and indicating the factual time adverbial. If "le1" in such a case doesn't indicate the factual time adverbial, the verb is a secondary verb. The time structure for "le1" in the sentence is E2T<(RT≤ST). Viewed from a relative time, the conditional time of V1---E1T has no connection with the speaking time, it takes the conditional time of V2---E2T as a reference time.In the two-verb sentences with V1 indicating the ways or tools, "V1 +O1" functions as the adverbial. The time adverbial in the sentence is determined by V2 and "le1" appears behind V2.Viwed from the absolute time, the conditional time of V2---E2T comes before the speaking time, thus the time adverbial of the sentence is a factual one. The time structure for "le1" in the sentence is E2T<(RT≤ST).In the two-verb sentences with V2 indicating the result, V2O signifies the result after the happening of V1O. V2 indicates the result and its meaning of condition is comparatively obvious. The time adverbial of the sentence is determined by V1. "le1" usually appears after V1. Viewed from the absolute time, the conditional time of V1---E1T comes before the speaking time. The time structure for "le1" in the sentence is E1T<(RT≤ST).Besides the above four cases, in the following two example sentences: " wo xia le ke gei ni da dian hua." and "ta jie le hun jiu yao hai zi.", the time adverbial is determined by the relation between the conditional time of V2---E2T and the speaking time. Viewed from the absolute time, the conditional time of V2 comes after the speaking time, and thus the time adverbial of the sentence is a future one. The time structure for "le1" in the sentence is STconditional time of V1---E1T refers to the conditional time of V2---E2T and it has no connection with the speaking time.In the form of "V + le1 + O", the time adverbial of the sentence is determined by the relation between the conditional time of V and the speaking time. The conditional time of V comes before the speaking time and thus the time adverbial of the sentence is a factual one. The time structure for "le1" in the sentence is ET<(RT≤ST). The author of this paper concludes that the features of "le1" indicating time signifies "previous time" and the time structure for "le1" in the sentence is ET---RT.2. Tense meanings of "le1"The tense meanings of "le1"are associated with...