Dong Qichang , who occupies an important status in Ming Chao in ancient China painting, combined the Mountain and Water Painting with the Chan, creatively to originated, the theory of the Southern and the Northern schools in the Mountain and Water painting, which had a great influence on the Mountain and Water Painting for more 300 years.This text establishes on the new and old data and on the gain and loss of the study of Dong Qichang about the theory of the Southern and the Northern schools, with the trait of the southern and the Northern schools and the ruler for their divide and so on, make use of quotation and contrast examples etc. to anatysis, forming some own standpoints, namely the combination of the Southern and the Northern schools, which is necessary to the Mountain and Water Painting nowadays. Be limitied by the subjective and objective conditions, this text only discuss some important problems in this areas detailedly.
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