On The Usage Of "の"

In modern Japanese language, the frequently used word「の」has a variety of usages. The author summarizes the different usages from four categories and presents that each category is interconnected rather than isolated with each other. The usages are as follows:First,「の」can express the modifying relationship as an attribute to modify noun, pronoun and numeral. If「の」of this usage is used together with verb, adjective and other words which can express the relationship of modification, there is some restriction on it. The sentence structure should be「Aノ「～」B」「「～」AノB」, and whether「A」has the nature of modifying or to be modified depends on the interconnection between「～」「A」and「B」.Second, in modificatory sentence,「の」can be used to take the place of「が」which brings in the subject of a sentence. This phenomenon of interchange happens partly due to the overlapping meaning between「の」and「が」. But the interchange should be under certain condition and after doing so there will be some changes in the meaning of the sentence.Third,「の」has the usage that equals to noun, pronoun and numeral.「の」of this usage can refer to persons, things and events. But it has some difference from the usage of「こと」or「もの」.Fourth,「の」can be used to end a sentence. Represented by the form of「のだ」, this usage can still be divided into two subdivision: one refers to expository usage and the other expresses the range of negative and interrogative. Still, it should be different from the usage of「わけだ」「ことだ」and「ものだ」.The usage of「の」can be summarized as the above four usages and its original usage is to make up the modificatory relationship and all the other usages are related with this one. They are: in modificatory sentences,「の」takes the place of「が」and helps to foreground the modificatory relationship between the modifier and the modified nouns; the usage of「の」which equals to noun, pronoun and numeral just derives from the usage of expressing the modifying relationship; using「のだ」to end a sentence indicates a combination of「の」(that has the usage of...