A Study On The Response Of Qing Dynasty To Japan' Occupation Of Ryukyu

Sino-Japanese relations have always been hot topics in history research. In late 19 century , Japan forbad Ryukyu to present tribute to China in order to occupy it by force, which was called "Ryukyu Affair" . The focal point of the study is to examine the responses of different people in Qing dynasty and analyze the reasons of China's diplomatic transition.This paper is divided into five parts :The first part is preface which introduces research results of Sino-Ryukyu relations. And I also make clear that why I choose the topic in this part.In the second part I examined the process of Japan's occupation of Ryukyu and the first response of Qing dynasty to Ryukyu Affair, especially He Ruzhang's diplomatic activities and "Ryukyu Treaty".In the third part, I examined the further response of Qing to Ryukyu Affair, especially the suggestions made by Chen Baoshen, Liu Kunyi and Zhang Shusheng.In the fourth part, I examined the final response of Qing to Ryukyu Affair, especially Li Hongzhang's ideas.The last part is conclusions. In this part, I examined the disposal process of Ryukyu Affair and analyzed the reasons of the lost of Ryukyu .