Qing's South-Aisa Policy Of JiaDao Period

During JiaQing and DaoGuang period, Qing Dynasty was on a downfall as far as its nation power is concerned. This led to the change of its foreign policy. The paper chose big affairs involved Qing, Nepal and British India in Jia-Dao period as researching objects, adequately handled with relative historical data and anatomized Qing' s response, standpoint, attitude and acts in affairs such as Britain-Nepal War, Opium War and Britain-Tibet surveying border and having trade relationgs, in order to understand Qing's South-Asia policy.The Qing-Nepal War in the late 1700s objectively strengthened Qing' s influence power in the Himalaya area. The British who had already established its dominion in India continent wanted to have trade with Tibet and sent missions to Tibet to discuss trade issues. After QianLong' s conquer over Nepal and issuing 29 items for dealing with problems arising from Nepal invasion and thus controled Tibet's foreign authority, the political relations between British India and Tibet was cut off. British India wanted to control Nepal and other countries neighboring to Tibet firstly and then open the door of Tibet. At the time, Nepal was lately defeated by Qing and the road to north was held up, so it wanted to go to south to expand national power but just conflicted with British India and caused Britain-Nepal War. Nepal asked help from Qing, JiaQing' s response and attitude toward to the war was important contents of Qing' s South-Asia policy. The paper specified the process of Nepal' s asking for help and thought that Qing' s policy of refusing to help Nepal had characteristics of both conservatism and realism, further thought the reason for it was due to Qing's distrust to Nepal and its deficient acquaintanceship with British India, which was properly caused by Qing' s tributary system and close-door policy. After Britain-Nepal War, Qing' s influence power to the Himalaya declined.The 1840's Opium War was the first large-scale face-to-face conflict between China and Britain. Nepal wished to reoccupy the land occupied by British India and hoped to dispatch troops to attack it. DaoGuang showed the similar mentality of keeping away Nepal which was similar to JiaQing' s and refused to take Nepal' s advice, thus lost the chance to unite to attack British troops. Comparing with JiaQing period, DaoGuang had more chances to comprehend Britain. After making clear that "PiLeng" is just British India, Qing' s South-Asia policy didn' t have an essential change. For the first surveying border between China and Britain, Qing tried to eliminate Britain's impact by traditional system framework. Although this system temporarily withstood Britain's bargaining pressure, it was already nearing the end in exerting its function. Untill the middle of 19^th century, Qing almost lost its influence power over the Himalaya countries, only remaining the name of accepting tribute. The subjectivity in pursuing influence power in South-Asia duing QianLong, JiaQing and DaoGuang periods hadn' t fundamental difference, on the contrast, had characteristics of persistence and successivity.