Grain Hoarding In Sichuan Province And The Processing Measures Of The National Government From 1939 To 1942

The grain is the human survival develops indispensable, relates the national economy and the people's livelihood the valuable cargo. Appears in the war time grain especially importantly, it becomes relates the war victory or defeat, the national life or death important question. Therefore very many countries all have the corresponding wartime grain policy in the war time. The Sino-Japanese War time, the national government erupts after the Sino-Japanese War carries on the effective management not immediately to the grain, causes behind the country series area to have the serious grain problem, but the illegal merchant and the official does not attend to the nationality in this process in peril, the hoarding grain, greatly makes the national disaster wealth, causes the grain question to be more stern, and becomes the important attribute which the grain shortage appears.This article take at that time the country series area grain production base and alternate capital locus Sichuan as an example, hoards the appearance and its national government's should to the grain carries on the discussion to the measure, thus spies on the entire country series area and national government's grain question.This article is divided five parts carries on the discussion to Sichuan's grain hoarding question and national government's correlation processing measure.In the introduction partially the time, the area which had to discuss to the hoarding correlation definition and this article carries on explained. About the hoarding, generally is refers is advantageous may person's scarce commodity preserve, should not sell, waited for the high price seeks the sudden and huge profits the behavior. In the Sino-Japanese War time as a result of grain hoarding phenomenon serious, the national government specially has carried on the stipulation to the grain hoarding, but this article will take the discussion by the national government to this question definition the standard. About local question, because Sichuan was at that time the country series area food base, also was the Sino-Japanese War time has the special significance province, therefore this article mainly will elaborate Sichuan's grain hoarding question. In the time aspect, the country series area grain question appeared in when 1939 summer fall, to 1940 cusp of spring and summer especially stern, but the grain hoarded day by day is also serious in this time, and impelled grain price soaring. The national government also start sin this time to the grain and its the hoarding question carries on the management and the attack, to at the beginning of 1942, national government's grain policy gradually consummated rises together simultaneously the certain function, the grain hoarding was under the certain control, therefore this article discussion time mainly was in1939 second half year to 1942 the beginning of.First chapter is hoards the reason and the national government about the grain which to the grain price influence, the grain hoarding appears to this question manner question. Sichuan is the war time produces grain first big province, and is the wartime staple food supplies place. But the country series area grain question actually first starts from Sichuan, this inevitably can have the influence to the entire country series area grain question. But hoards is creates Sichuan and an entire country series area grain question important attribute. The grain hoarding impelled the grain rise in price to initiate the universal panic psychology, also became the grain shortage and snatches an important reason which the rice unrest appeared.The grain hoarding appears the reason is diverse. The national government has not carried on the effective management at the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War to the grain also not to have the correct understanding grain question, processed the grain abundant harvest when 1939 its policy was very improper, these all causes one of reasons which the grain hoarded. Moreover landlord because allsorts of reasons store grain are loath to sell something; The post war massive floating capitals well up into rear area and the war time finance, the trade capital are active and so on all cause the reason which the grain hoarding occurs. The grain question as soon as passed through the occurrence, the national government notes the grain hoarding, and thought it was a most important reason which the grain crisis appeared.Second, three chapters are this article main bodies, mainly elaborated the national government to the grain hoarding attack. The attack grain hoarding is passes through throughout in the national government grain management, in national government's each planting crops food regulatory policy all has the content which the attack hoards. The national government in the appraisal grain price, the establishment fair price buying and selling organization, the management grain merchant, carried on levying grain cess and its reorganizes the bank in the process all to carry on the limit and the attack to the grain hoarding. The measure, the laws and regulations which in addition, the national government also formulated which has specially attack and bans the grain hoards. The grain investigation is the national government hoards investigation in view of the grain which carries on in the countryside, hoped can solve the grain hoarding problem from the grain origin aspect. And the national government also formulated some legal laws and regulations to hoard carries on the attack, "Chairman Jiang Checked the Management Grain Price Work Most important Policy", "Control Livelihood of the people Essential Grain, Price Basic Means Implementation Guiding principle", "Unusual period Banned Daily necessities Important Goods Hoarding Means", "Unusual period Violates Grain Management To punish Temporary regulation" and so on all to attack and to ban the grain the hoarding to carry on the stipulation, Specially the latter two laws and regulations, the definition which hoarded to the grain, specifically store up the quantity the discretion of punishment standard and the government worker store up the grain severely processing and so on to make the stipulation.Fourth chapter the attack which hoarded to the grain has made the objective appraisal to the national government. The national government experienced a dynamics to the grain hoarding attack unceasingly to strengthen the process which, the measure unceasingly consummated, the national government to the hoarding attack gradually has also yielded the certain result. Was main levying grain cess causes the grain to grasp in the government hand, thus caused the government no longer to be under the control of others, fundamentally has attack the hoarding behavior. The vigorously investigation hoards which to the grain causes massive grain storing up to ferret out, also played to the illegal merchant enormously has frightened the role, caused them to undersell the grain in abundance. Hoarded the behavior to 1941 year's end at the beginning of 1942 to obtain the containment, attack and bans the grain hoarding to yield the certain result, the country series area grain market and the grain price gradually stable, but simultaneously to its banned from the country series area grain hoarding question appearance and the national government also should see the national government was decayed and its social class's limitation.From overall, national government's management is bad is creates the country series area grain problem to appear the important reason which hoards with the grain, although the national government hoarded, the management grain aspect in the attack has done the massive work, has controlled the grain hoarding, also has solved the grain problem in the certain degree, had guaranteed the Sino-Japanese War smoothly carried on, but because the time and social class's limit national government was unable fundamentally to solve China's grain problem.