The Process For The Rise Of Totalitarian Dictatorship In Western Europe

After the First World War, totalitarian dictatorship appeared in Western Europe. The appearance of totalitarian dictatorship was related the European long-term modernization process and dictatorship development after the French Revolution . It is a production of unifying the Western Europe macroscopic history background and some countries' special environment: the development of the 19th century modern authoritarian monarchy and the extreme ideological trend and the anti-democracy theory which emerges in 19 century's ends and the beginning of 20th century crises, as well as the disastrous influence of World War I, were the key aspects of leading to the appearance of totalitarian dictatorship.After the French Revolution, old absolute monarchy gradually declines. Face the modernization, modern authoritarian monarchy gradually became mainstream political system of the Western Europe. Modern authoritarian monarchy paved the way to unify the dictatorship and the modernization. On the one hand, authoritarian government took to impel the national industrialization as the own duty; On the other hand, it used the modern technology and the modern political idea as the dominant foundation.At the 19th century's ends and the beginning of 20th century, the fast but actually not balanced modernization had brought a series of conflicts and the contradiction. Western Europe's authoritarian country and the insufficiently mature representative country all fell into the certain crisis. Then the new authoritarian as extreme responds to the crisis appeared in the political arena. These new authoritarian group mainly are ultra-nationalist. They opposed the democracy and attempted to achieve the nationalist goal under strict dictatorship. This kind of new authoritarian principle became the embryonic form of totalitarian dictatorship.A wartime centralization system in World War I was the first attempt for the government to fully control society. The war vacillated the Western Europe political foundation and attacked the cultural base of liberty and the democracy, as well as eliminated the barrier of totalitarian dictatorship. Postwar Western Europe, the further development of mass politics and the constant economic and political crisis created the appropriate political and the social environment for the totalitarian movement. Under such historical background, Italian and Germany's totalitarian groups successfully established the totalitarian dictatorship by using chaotic economic order.Generally we may say that, the totalitarian dictatorship was extreme response of ultra-nationalism which emerged from the middle and lower social class. The totalitarian dictatorship was the worst by-product of process of the Western Europe modernization.