The Symbols Research Of Deductive Inference In Modern Chinese

The symbols of deductive inference in Modern Chinese is an important part for the research of Chinese Logic. Ancestors have demonstrated it from many aspects. But, generally speaking, the symbols research of deductive inference is Scattered and unsystematic. So far there is no paper and monograph analyzes it specially. Based on the early research, we combine the syntactic analysis and semantic analysis to analyze the universal, common and the special symbols in Modern Chinese from a complete new perspective that all kinds of inference forms the symbols expressed and the numbers of categories. We expect will have a complete and systematic recognition of the symbols of deductive inference in Modern Chinese. The whole body encludes six parts.The first part is foreword. This part defines the symbols of deductive inference in Modern Chinese based on the view of the relationship between language and thought, tells us that the symbols of deductive inference are not only words but also the ways of expression, and introduces the present situation, the goal and the meaning of the research.The second part is the outline of the deductive inference. It introduces all forms about it, and lays the foundations of the analysis on the all types of symbols of deductive inference in Modern Chinese.The third part is the research about the universal symbols of deductive inference and it mainly encludes:"所以"and related conclusion symbols,"因为/因","既然/既/既是……(就/那/那么)"and"因为……所以"and so on.The fourth part is the research about the common symbols of deductive inference. Considering the types and the forms of deductive inference which the symbols expressed, we analyze several conditions about the common symbols of deductive inference in the following: 1, the common symbols for the seven types of deductive inference except immediate inference; 2, the common symbols for conversion and relational inference; 3, the common symbols for immediate inference and syllogism and hypothetical inference; 4, the common symbols for obversion and syllogism; 5, the common symbols for immediate inference by added determinants and hypothetical inference; 6, the common symbols for obversion and disjunctive inference; 7, the common symbols for relational inference and syllogism and hypothetical inference; 8, the common symbols for the relational syllogism and the simple syllogism; 9, the common symbols for syllogism and hypothetical inference and disjunctive and categorical inference; 10, the common symbols for syllogism and hypothetical inference; 11, the common symbols for hypothetical inference and disjunctive and categorical inference and hypothetical-disjunctive inference; 12, the common symbols for hypothetical inference and hypothetical-disjunctive inference.The fifth part is the research about the special symbols. We analyze the special symbols of immediate inference and the relational inference and the syllogism and conjunctive inference and hypothetical inference and disjunctive and categorical inference and hypothetical-disjunctive inference respectivelly.The sixth part explains several questions about symbols of deductive inference, shows that the symbols mustn't express deductive inference, the different symbols can use together in the same time and there are several levels among the symbols.The creativity of this thesis remains: 1, from a complete new perspective that inference forms the symbols expressed and the numbers of categrories, divides the symbols into three types: the universal symbols, the common symbols and the special symbols. 2, finds out some symbols that no one has demonstrated. 3, amends and reinforces the inference symbols demonstrated by ancestors how to express inference.