The Monopolized Capital In Russian Petroleum Industry From The End Of 19th Century To The Beginning Of 20th Century

Russia is bounteous, is resources is rich, specially oil resource extremely rich country. Took develops the Russia oil industry in 19 century's end the beginning of 20th century, it played the vital role in the capitalism petroleum system, but in this time Russia oil industry monopoly capital responded the Russia at that time oil industry complete picture.This article altogether is divided four parts:Part One: 19 century's end Russia oil industry development condition. Russia is one of world oil industrial development early areas. After the Russian petroleum industry capitalism management began in 1872 to abolish specializes in selling the system. Baku is the Russian petroleum industry main production area. The Russian petroleum industry rapid development benefits from the technology advancement: The renewal drilling and the mining technology, the use high efficiency steam pumping unit, uses the refinery distiller, invents and uses the oil tanker and so on. In the Russian petroleum industry, the minority capital abundant enterprise and is engaged in the simple production in large numbers small and medium-sized enterprise coexisting, the small and medium-sized enterprise survival receives the big enterprise competition the threat.Part Two: Large-scale capital in Russia oil industry formation. Brother Nobel the petroleum company is before October Revolution the Russian biggest petroleum company. Brother Nobel introduced the advanced management and the sufficient fund the Russian petroleum industry. They had in the world the first oil tanker, the lead use the quota law more advanced continuously refinement law have separated each kind of petroleum distillation ingredient in turn compared to US Standard Oil Company. In using railroad oil truck, oil store aspect Nobel Brother and so on the company also takes the lead. Simultaneously Brother Nobel have established the close relation with the Russian upper formation senior official, has obtained the pivotal status in Russian Government.Nobel's individual monopoly has not been able to be lasting, 80's intermediate stage Ross -child's the Caspian Sea - Black Sea Corporation has become he most dangerous competitor.Part Three: Russian first petroleum monopolistic organization - - Baku Petroleum Manufacturer Union.In at the beginning of December, 1892 has established take Brother Nobel the company as the head 7 large-scale company alliance, in the process which negotiates with Standard the Baku standard group announced suddenly oneself is separated from 7 large-scale company alliances, thus destroyed has carried on the negotiations with Standard the possibility. In 1892 the crisis was the important premise which the Baku first monopoly alliance appeared.After 7 large-scale company alliance disintegration, Ministry of Finance decided holds the special conference to interfere Baku Petroleum Manufacturer Union the establishment. The Baku most petroleum industrial drew up has been for the purpose of preventing Nobel and Ross -child monopolized the petroleum industry in August draft, afterwards in August grass's opponent drew up has been advantageous operates the union business in Nobel and Ross -child in September draft. On October 23, 1893, Baku Petroleum Manufacturer Union had been established (first union) in September draft foundation. The Baku standard group has still not joined the contract. The graceful tower shed husband has established another Baku Petroleum Manufacturer Union in under the Si Cary Koffsky's help (second union).The adjustment with Standard's relations is the Baku Petroleum Manufacturer Union most important goal. Between the union members, between the commercial agent, specially the first union internal difference, causes the union to disintegrate.Nobel's manner to union's existence decisive function, when Nobel in took away all postaccelerating post union's disintegration from the union which he could take away.Part Fourth: The banking capital permeates the Russian petroleum industry and Russia"the stone oil shortage". 19 century's ends, Russia's oil industry is at the incapable manipulation facing the massive overseas company's impact the condition. The foreign capital permeated Russia's petroleum industry is at that time is most incisive, one of most prominent international petroleum competitions. The foreign capital force grows, on the one hand has its economical reason - - Russia Enterprise high quota profit and the monopolistic organization intention controls the Russian petroleum industry. On the other hand, the big powers competition is its political reason.In order to maintain the Russian world powerful nation the status, the economical strength is essential, therefore needs to absorb the foreign loan frequently, and even enters the industry the foreign investment. In content assumption minister of finance's period, the bank has achieved these goals, they not only are the middle man, also is Ministry of Finance's agents. The Peter fort international commercial bank is getting up the leading role in Ministry of Finance's all overseas trade activity. The Lotus base is holding the post of Peter fort international bank President the period, participates in Ministry of Finance's policy-making activity positively.After Ross -child used in 1891 between the Russia and France to work out the advantageous situation which the political union the Russia law finance relation strengthened, strengthened in the Russian petroleum industry status. In 1897, Ross -child"the heavy oil"the company had been established in under the Lotus base help, it symbolizes the law Russia finance benefit union. 19 century's end at the beginning of 20th century, the English capital also joins to the Russian petroleum industry contention. Not only the English capital enters the Russian petroleum industry to lie in the petroleum trade the profit making, but also lies in to the petroleum has strong interest England to attempt through to obtain the petroleum habitat to consolidate England's political status. At the beginning of 1899, the English aspect attempted in the app to rest a roentgen peninsula to obtain the bulk public oil field, established one for this suggestion to have the English fund"half government"the company, but encountered if rejection. Afterwards both sides also proposed establish English Russia Bank the plan, but has not finally been able to achieve consistently. Finally England has obtained the oil field in Baku. The German capital displays equally with French and the English capital to the Russian petroleum industry interest. The 90's intermediate stages, US has controlled the German 3/4 petroleum trade. In order to get rid of US's control, Germany Finance department suggested the content evaluation opposes Standard Oil Company the petroleum agreement. On the other hand the German capital attempt within the boundaries of Germany's Russian petroleum trade will embrace into in own hand. In May, 1899, the German consortium proposed officially establishes the European petroleum unified body to oppose US Standard the cartel plan, but because Nobel and Ross -child form monopolizes the Russian petroleum industry alliance, the cartel plan fails.To the petroleum mining investment insufficiency, the petroleum monopoly capitalist reduce the oil production as well as to old oil field excessive mining deliberately, causes Russia to appear"the stone oil shortage".Through in author's to 19 century's end Russia oil industry monopoly capital introduction, may see: Because Russia primitive accumulation of capital serious insufficient, the oil industry also belongs to the fund to invest the high industry, therefore"in fact Russia Oil industry Company's stock, majority of in biggest international petroleum joint-stock company's briefcase or its control, this situation is the Russia oil industry condition characteristic". The Russian biggest petroleum company and the monopolistic organization and the foreign capital all has the extremely close relationship. Therefore Russia's oil industry in fact completely is controlled by the foreign influence. The foreign capital uses the Russia rich oil resource, the general markets and the inexpensive labor force, may obtain compared to outdoes 4 times in our country to 6 time of profits, this is Russia imperialism decayed the important performance. But in turn, Russia's finance is in the collapse along with the Crimea war defeat the edge, the czar starts in the greatest degree expansion exportation, to accumulate in the gold reserve to seek gets rid of the financial crisis the outlet, the czar gives the petroleum industry capitalist's asylum is to a great extent means, but simultaneously delayed czar despotic system demise.