Fromm's Humanitarian Ethics And Its Contemporary Inspiration

In the 20th century of western capitalism society,with the high development and drastic changes of economic, politic, society and science, the traditional spirit and ethical concepts was in a serious crisis and shake. Through the analysis of modern capitalism society and modern living conditions, Fromm diagnosed the modern western society as a diseased society, with material abundance, spiritual poverty and moral decline. And he diagnosed the modern people as loss of oneself, comprehensive alienation people. In order to make the modern people come out from the state of human nature alienation, self-loss and life meaningless, that is, come out from spiritual and moral dilemma to promote a "healthy society", Fromm criticized and absorbed some ideas, such as the spiritual analysis of Freud, the humanism theory of Marx, the social critical theory of Frankfurt School and the mental concept of Zen Buddhism. Then, Fromm Raised the humanitarian ethics.Fromm's humanitarian ethics was a theoretical system with these features: its basis was his theory of multiple human nature; its core was "love"; its highest value was self-love; its humanitarian conscience was the conscious of humanity; its value critical standards was the people's happiness and its ethical goal was to promote a"healthy society".Fromm's humanitarian ethics tried to establish a people-centered, human and universal conduction codes and valual guideline. It also wanted to make self-realization of people and their potential and to establish a humanitarian"healthy society".This thesis divides into four parts, it intendes to overally grasp Fromm's humanitarian ethics and depthly analyze the internal logic of Fromm's humanitarian ethics.In the first part, through introducing the historical and theoretical background of Fromm's humanitarian ethics, the thesis analyzes the real and theoretical basis of its thoughts and sets out the first issue: the causes of Fromm's humanitarian ethics.The second part depthly analyzes the theory of multiple human nature: the cornerstone of Fromm's humanitarian ethics. On the issue of "What is human", Fromm thought that people were the products of historical evolution, and were constant developing, real social existences with self-consciousness and ration.Fromm's human nature theory was multi-level and overall, it included natural attributes and social attributes, psychological and rational, thinking spirit and emotional activities. Fromm thought that multiple human nature was the basis of morality. Under this basis, Fromm put forward that only people themselves can be the standards of dividing good and evil. Good is something that is good for people and evil is harmful for people. Through depthly analyzing the human nature basis of Fromm's humanitarian ethics, the thesis clarifies the second question: Why did Fromm's humanitarian ethics base on human nature to establish the ethical principles?The third part discusses the inherent logic of Fromm's humanitarian ethics system from five respects: the core, maximum value, humanitarian conscience, valuably critical standards and the goal of Fromm's humanitarian ethics. Based on the theory of multiple human nature, Fromm's humanitarian ethics established its theoretical system like this: made "love" as its core ; made self-love as its highest value; made the conscious of humanity as its humanitarian conscience; made the people's happiness as its value critical standards and made promoting a"healthy society"as its ethical goal. Then the thesis clarifies the third question: Why did Fromm's humanitarian ethics make human's development, improvement, dignity and value as the main theory, and make the realization of "healthy society" as the goal of ethics.Part four discusses the contemporary inspiration and theoretical limits of Fromm's humanitarian ethics.Through excavate the flash of Fromm's humanitarian ethics, it intenses to provide some valuable references for some questions at this stage of our country, such as the development of socialist market economy, building a harmonious society, and the self-realization of people in modern society. At the same time, it points out the theoretical limits of Fromm's humanitarian ethics.