On Sima-Qian's Creative Thinking, An Interpretation From Philosophical View

'The Book of History'is an accomplishment written by Sima Qian using the creative thinking. It's also an outstanding representative of the creative thinking academic research in ancient China, with a unique standing in Chinese cultural history. This article starts with the generation mechanism of the creative thinking, then analyzes the historic back grounding, the education and personal characters of Sima Qian, in order to find the subjective and objective reasons for his wonderful ability using the creative thinking to do academic research.The generation mechanism of Sima Qian's creative thinking includes two parts: the external mechanism and the internal mechanism. The external mechanism is mainly the influences of historic back grounding to Sima Qian. The internal mechanism is the educational back grounding of his historiographer family and his own life experiences.Sima Qian's advancing thinking mainly shows on his commodity economy ideas. Different from traditional ideas of'Agriculture First', his idea advocates the importance of business and encourages trade. He emphasized that the authority should not interfere or suppress people's introduction and trade. His theory happened to hold the same view with English economist Adam Smith, who was thousands of years after him. This clearly demonstrates how advancing Sima Qian's thinking was.Sima Qian's comprehensive thinking mainly shows on his nationality ideas. He argued that the Han Nationality should be considered as a whole with other minority nationalities. In his idea, all the nationalities living in China were the Emperor's citizens, with no rankings or discriminations.Sima Qian's dialectical thinking mainly shows on his history judging principle'Both This and That'. No matter to a person or an event, Sima Qian treated them under a dialectical attitude. He never arbitrarily criticized a person good or bad, or a thing right or wrong. He looked at a person both from the good and bad points, fairly judging his or her contributions and mistakes.Finally, this article analyzes Sima Qian's creative thinking to create the unique history presenting form of'Series of Biographies'. To show the special characters of this form, this article compares it with other several typical kinds of history presenting forms, both Chinese and foreign, and analyzes the interactions among them.