Investigation And Analysis On The Subjective Well-being Of The Elderly

Happiness is a kind of emotion when people's needs have been met and their ideals have realized. It is a complex psychological state constructed by such psychological factors as needs which include motives, desire and interest, cognition, feeling and some other external reasons. Subjective well-being (SWB) means the estimator values his or her life quality by his or her own standard. SWB includes three parts: positive feeling, negative feeling and life satisfaction. There are abundant of theories and researches in SWB in foreign countries, and some mature measurements have been created. In our country, it has been not only surveyed and studied the elders about the structure of subjective well-being with suitable scale, but also accumulates a large amount of data and conclusions. However, these studies which have been used for China's elderly testing, are almost based on off-the-shelf scale of foreigner. It has been the lack of suitable scale which designed specifically to survey and study on the Chinese elders' subjective well-being to explore the structure. The purpose is to draw up the "subjective well-being of the elderly Chinese questionnaire", construct the structure dimension about Chinese elders' subjective well-being, and explore the subjective well-being of the elderly Chinese characteristics.Based on the summaries, open-ended questionnaires and individual interviews, firstly, this study proposed the theoretical assumptions about subjective well-being of the elderly Chinese, and then developed a sense of subjective well-being of the elderly early test questionnaire on this basis, brought up a revised formal questionnaire at last. Based on the 214 Chinese elder's subjective sense of happiness research, we draw some conclusions as follows:(1) This subjective well-being of the elderly questionnaire has good reliability and validity. It could be served as a tool to measure the subjective well-being of the elderly. Subjective well-being of older people construct from three dimensions: sense of self-perfect, sense of life satisfaction, sense of family comfortable. (2) The impact of sex is one of factors affected on subjective well-being of older people. Subjective well-being of men in the average score higher than women, women's score is higher in sense of self-perfect, and men had a higher score in sense of life satisfaction and family agreeable.(3) Age of the elderly affected the subjective well-being. Subjective well-being of the elderly at early old early is lower than the middle old-age and later old-age.(4) Career would also affect the subjective well-being of the elderly. Older people who have the job get the higher subjective well-being than no job; subjective well-being of older people who engage in stable, high-value occupations are best.(5) The level of income in a significant impact on subjective well-being of the elderly. elderly people's subjective well-being with high-income are significantly higher than low-income.(6) In marriage or not is the impact of subjective well-being of older people factor. Subjective well-being of the elderly who have a spouse are higher than elderly without a spouse's.