Marx's Concept Of Labor And Human's Free And Comprehensive Development

Marx's concept of labor pervades his entire theory, Marx calls labor as sun that society runs around with, we can see the issue of labor is the central issue of human history, the history of human development is the history of human labor, labor is a red piece of thread that pervades Marxist philosophy,the political economy and the scientific socialism. The host of labor is always human, labor is always human labor, the value of labor is for the free and comprehensive development of human . The free and comprehensive development of human is not only the ultimate aim of labor, but also the value of Marx's theory. The free and comprehensive development of human is consistent with the development of human labor, labor is the foundation and premise of the free and comprehensive development of human, labor is the fundamental force that impulses the free and comprehensive development of human. Understanding the free and comprehensive development of human from the dimension of Marx's concept of labor, we can understand Marx's concept of materialistic history more deeply. The concept of labor and the theory of the free and comprehensive development of human are two important clues in Marx's theory, the former is the foundation of his theory, the latter is the ultimate aim of his theory. Reviewing the relationship of two clues can help us master the macroscopic frame of Marx's theory, the plentiful relationships of these two clues also provide guide for our harmonious society today.The theory of the free and comprehensive development of human represents advanced phase of human development, this is an aim of value which is based on reality but exceed reality. Free and comprehensive development of human is also a dynamic course of historical development, the history of the free and comprehensive development of human synchronizes with the history of human society. Only in communist society can the free and comprehensive development of human become reality. Before communist society, the free and comprehensive development of human hasn't expanded fully, it is in the phase of accumulating developmental power. As a whole, the tendency of the free and comprehensive development of human gose up, this is consistent with the development of productivity, the free and comprehensive development of human complects with productivity tightly, the free and comprehensive development of human gose up in screwy curve along with productivity, and productivity is the fundamental force that impulses human development, the development of productivity is a course of rise, so the possibility of the free and comprehensive development of human is also strengthened. The three forms of social development which Marx mentioned express the upward tendency of the free and comprehensive development of human, this tendency can never be changed in any era. But along with the continual improvement of productivity, the negative factors have also emerged, they handicap the free and comprehensive development of human in reality, but, because labor is the potential of the free and comprehensive development of human, the power of potential can destroy the handicap of reality, so the free and comprehensive development of human also continually destroys the handicap of alienation of labor in reality, at last, human attain liberation, free and comprehensive development of human can come to reality.This paper has three parts, in the first part, as a whole, author mainly discourses that labor is the foundation and premise of the free and comprehensive development of human, labor makes human break away from animals, labor makes the existence of animals change into the existence of human who are free and conscious, animal instinct changes into the activity of human who have free consciousness, human freedom and development are offered by labor virtually, the early human labor had caused the burgeon of human who are free and conscious, the nature of human is the unity of natural attribute, social attribute and mental attribute. The free and comprehensive development of the three attributes is the main content of human development, the development of the three attributes starts since the day when human arise, the three attributes of human develop only when human are laborring. The development of the three attributes represents the development of the ability of human labor and the development of social relation, based on this, human individuality develops gradually, the development of individuality marks the highest phase of the free and comprehensive development of human, the deep connotation of human individuality is the subjectivity of human, the subjectivity of human can be demonstrated only in practice of reforming the objective world ; the more powerful human ability of labor, the more intense human subjectivity. The three attributes and the individuality of human can not be separated from human labor when they are generating and developing, labor is the foundation and premise of the free and comprehensive development of human, labor promotes the free and comprehensive development of human.In the second part, author mainly discourses the twists and turns of the specific historical stage of the development of labor, this historical stage is the stage of Labor Alienation, Labor Alienation has caused a full range of constraints on the free and comprehensive development of human, but, the stage of Labor Alienation is a tortuous path that the free and comprehensive development of human have to go through. This paper respectively analyzes the constraints of Labor Alienation on the free and comprehensive development of human in four aspects of Labor Alienation, and the rootof Labor Alienation--the division of work, is the fundamental reason that causeshuman in a difficult situation. But the stage of Labor Alienation is a stage that the free and comprehensive development of human have to pass, it is the inevitable result of the development of productivity, it is the result of productivity with a certain degree of development but not completely development, it is only a product of a certain historical stage, with the great development of productivity, Labor Alienation will perish after all, the liberation of labor will finally reach realization. Labor Alienation is also an important page of human developmental history, although Labor Alienation gives the free and comprehensive development of human hinder, but it is a constant accumulation of human developmental potential, Labor Alienation includes the factors of labor liberation.In the third part, author mainly discourses labor liberation put the vision of the free and comprehensive development of human into reality. The content of labor liberation is rich, labor liberation includes the liberation in three levels, that is the level of nature,society and human beings, the inevitable result of labor liberation is the free and comprehensive development of human. In the content of labor liberation, labor productivity, free time,harmonious labor relations, the kingdom of freedom, the commonwealth of freeman, and so on, they are the key factors that play an important role in the realization of the free and comprehensive development of human. The large-scale development of labor productivity is the fundamental power of the free and comprehensive development of human, free time is the space of the free and comprehensive development of human, harmonious labor relations are the most direct condition for the free and comprehensive development of human, harmonious labor relations show that the private ownership and the division of labor will have been eliminated. Only in communist society can the various conditions for the free and comprehensive development of human mature, the advent of communist society will show that human society have entered the kingdom of freedom, human access to complete liberation, the kingdom of freedom makes the free and comprehensive development of human become the ultimate goal of social development. Communist society eradicates the political state, also eradicates ideology, the social organization of communist society is the commonwealth of freeman, the commonwealth of freeman is also a community of labor, this community runs around labor, labor is the central issue of this community, the commonwealth of freeman is based on free labor and united labor, it includes two important factors, that is "free labor" and "united labor", in this community, everyone's free and comprehensive development is the condition of all people's free and comprehensive development, therefore, this community is an organization that ensures the free and comprehensive development of human. In this community, labor really becomes the free and conscious activity of human, labor is no longer a means to earn a living for human, labor becomes the first need for human. Human have full freedom of labor, human are no longer forced to work by external force, human can enjoy their own work products according to their demands. Because necessary labor time is reduced to a minimum, so there is enough free time to ensure everyone's free and comprehensive development in society. In free labor, labor is a process where human confirm and realize themselves, human fully own their nature in labor, labor makes human feel pleasure and happiness. Therefore, labor gains the complete liberation, everyone in society will eventually become a person who has a free and comprehensive development.