The Public Opinion About Twenty-one Treaties Between China And Japan In 1915

After the outbreak of World War II,the Japanese government, on the occasion that the Western countries was tied up in the battle on European field and had no time attending to China, attempted to seize China.On January 18,1915,the Japanese government demanded of the Yuan Shikai government the twenty-one unequal clauses secretly.During the process of negotiation between diplomats from the two countries,the Japanese Government used various means to force Yuan government making concessions.Finally,On May 9,1915,the Japanese forced the Chinese government to reply to the Japanese Government an exchange of letters by the form of ultimatum,the overall acceptance of the conditions mentioned in the Japanese an ultimatum.In this negotiation process,government used the news media as to create public opinion to increase the momentum of the negotiations.Yuan Shikai attacked and divided the Revolutionary Party by making an excuse that the Revolutionary Party was colluded with the Japanese,so as to exclude against it.However,the use of real news be controlled by Yuan Shikai, strictly speaking,was limited to before the end of January. Since the board of the Asahi Shimbun reported that translation of the conditions contained in the content,the trend of non-governmental public opinion gradually passionate,can not be controlled by Yuan Shikai.Media including Chinese newspaper reported foreign public opinion and public opinion,on the one hand,the intermittent coverage exposed the contents of the negotiations,on the other hand,the public opinion had also exposed and criticized Japan.Although newspaper reports had limitations,but with the exposure of Japan's ambitions,public opinion continues to play a certain role,the Chinese Government and the Japanese Government,respectively,to adjust the policies and guidelines.At the same time,during this period the development of the popular movement laid the ideological foundation for May 4th Movement movement later.This article is divided into four parts。The first part of the negotiations between China and Japan is the initial stage of negotiations,which focuses on the criticism of Japan'.s secret diplomacy and the exposure of Japan's national status,which put a pressure on Japan.The Chinese's suggestion embodies the idea of national patriotism,the importance of safeguarding national sovereignty.Public opinion was rather active.The second part is the middle stage of negotiations,public opinion focuses on the content of the talks which involves the issue of Han Ye-ping,South East over the issue of Mongolia and the impact on China for Japan to send troops.Britain and the United States was indifferent to this,while Japan stepped up the pace of its aggression,China was struggling.Oppressed by Japan,coupled with the retreat of the Chinese government, domestic public opinion had been subjected to surveillance and control.The third part is the late representations,the Japanese used the way of ultimatum,caused great shock public opinion at home and abroad.Under pressure from all sides,did China ultimately give way to compromise.Public opinion was to calm.The fourth part,according to public opinion of Shanghai Journey,describes the development of the popular movement, the reasons why it didn't fully developed and the limitations.