It is a special cultural phenomenon that the spirit of Shanshui is poeticized in the Chinese art history. The spirit of Shanshui has experienced important changes during the process of Chinese modernization. Especially in the modern artistic context, it is closely relative to the modern concept of existentialism. This thesis aims to make clear of the development of the spirit of Shanshui in the process of Chinese artistic modernization. It especially focuses on the contrast and comparison between eastern and western aesthetic character, the success of the celebrate artists and the discussion of the fulcrum of art in the modern artistic context. Therefore it draws a conclusion that the understanding of the spirit of Shanshui is a transcendence of traditional Humanism, a confrontation and rebellion against the modern exotic ego, an embodiment of independent personality and a new concept expressing the modern artistic thought.
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