A Study On Late Paleolithic Cluture And Its Relatiue Issues In Liaoning Province

According to collecting and analyzing cultural relics unearthed from Upper Paleolithic sites in Liaoning Province, this paper concludes some characteristics and relative issues.1. Chinese scholars have found more than ten Upper Paleolithic sites so far. This study chooses eight important sites from them and analyzes cultural relic. It is remarkable that scholars found tens of thousands stone artifacts and fine bone artifacts in Xiaogushan site, Haicheng City. Based on these characters, Xiaogushan site is the one of the most important Paleolithic sites in China. The characteristics of stone industry in Xiaogushan site represents typical characters in Upper Paleolithic as follows: stone tools are mainly medium and small flake tools; stone tool types are plenty, including burins, borers, besides scrapers and points; according to morphological characters of edges, scrapers can be classified into several sub-types, including disc scraper, convex scraper, concave scraper, side scraper and denticulate tool. Tools modified by chunks are plentiful, such as stone hammer, stone handaxe, spheroids and all kinds of chopper, it enriches cultural connotation in Xiaogushan site.Bone artifacts are representative relics. Harpoon is the first finding among Chinese and foreign Upper Paleolithic sites. Bone needles and perforated ornaments in Xiaogushan site are very similar with sample from Shandingdong culture. In addition, perforated bone tools and bone awls unearthed from the upper portion of Jinniushan site are rare among contemporaneous sites.Human fossils unearthed from Upper Paleolithic sites are called as Homo sapiens sapiens. Nowadays, scholars have found some human fossils in Liaoning Province, such as Qianyang cave site in Dandong City, Jianping Human fossils locality. Some teeth fossils from Xiaogushan site provide important data and evidence for studying physical characters, migration and distribution of ancient human.2. This paper analyzes and discusses types and characteristics of Upper Paleolithic sites, according to stone artifacts and animal bone unearthed from Upper Paleolithic sites in Liaoning Province. This study concludes that ancient human exist in cave sites around the lower reaches of Liaohe Plain. Some localities or sites are distributed in the terrace nearby riverside.We also found using fire relics in Upper Paleolithic sites in Liaoning Province, especially deep ashes and percussing bone flakes or chips for obtaining marrow, it shows that ancient human have had a steady living for a long time with capability of preserving fire. In addition, according to many animal bones from Upper Paleolithic in Northeast China, the main animals are wooly rhinoceros and Mammuthus primigenins assemblage in Late Pleistocene. they are fit for living in cold environment. It provides necessary data from analyzing environment and hunted animal species during the course of human subsistence.