An Exploration Into The Ontological Significance Of Psychological Cultural Turn

The relationship between psychology and culture, has always been an important issue of psychological study. In the beginning of the establishment of scientific psychology, psychology is divided into two parts : individual psychology and folkpsychology. Wundt described and explained language, art, mythology and religion in folkpsychology to understand the cultural property of psychological object. As the psychology pursuited and respected natural science's research model, psychology didn't follow the cultural and historical direction of folk psychology, but toward the the road of positivism. Objective research methods and strict control of the experiment pulled psychology to the age of scientism.Meanwhile,it signed the decline of cultural orientation in psychology. Cultural factors started to disappear from psychologists'view. However, scientific psychology and did not follow the way and track which positivism psychologists expected, has led to the emergence of psychology difficulty. In this theoretical background, culture appear in the view of psychologists again. This time, psychologists have begun to reflect that psychology is from western culture and develop best in this culture whether can apply to human.The answer is no. With the advancement of races'position, people realize that different culture are equal. More and more scholar begin to question the western hegemonic culture, and propose different races and different cultures should have their own psychologyical theories. The psychology studys under specific culture have their own boundedness, so if psychology want to solve the current difficulties it must start to cultural turn.Behind the cultural turn of psychology is the rethinking of ontological significance of Psychology. The real psychology must study consciousness, and consciousness is a kind of cultural being. It can't develop without social and historical factors, so psychology also abandon the cultural pactors.The western mainstream psychology like Behaviorism against the study of consciousness and reject the factors of culture, and finally have the fatal problem of their own development.Throughout the history of psychology even the Scientific Psychology is mainstream psychology, culture also exists in the psychology. Wundt's national psychology, Vygotsky's concept of history and culture and social psychological tendency of Cultural Anthropology reflects the emphasis on culture. With the emergence of the cross-cultural psychology and the indigenous psychology, psychologists more and more pay their attentions to the culture. Difficulties arise for the mainstream psychology, people begin to rethink the abandon of culture and the worship of natural science.The emergence of Cultural Psychology is the need of history and the certainty of development of Psychology.With The emergence of Cultural Psychology, Multicultural theory have affected the development of Psychological counseling and Psychotherapy. MCT highlight the Equality of culture and the diversity of Psychological counseling. Each of theories is a manifestation of values, and it can help psychiatrist to judge the psychological state of supplicants. Psychological counseling is no sence without cnsidering the effect of culture.When the modern psychology is in crisis, the cultral turn of psychology provide psychology energy. It expanded the narrow perspective of psychology, and enriched the content of Psychology. More importantly, the cultral turn of psychology leaded the way forward in psychology from Ontological significance.