A Research On The Foreign Wars At The End Of The Jin Dynasty

In the early 13th century, Tatar tribes in the Mongolian plateau were unified by Mongolia. Soon, Mongolia began to attack the Jin dynasty. With Mongolia's rising, the three long-standing balance of Jin, Song, Xia kingdoms was broken, those kingdoms swang in the northern China. The Jin dynasty made war at Mongolia, Western Xia dynasty and Southern Song dynasty one by one. At the same time, Yelv Liuge and Puxian Wannu rebelled in the Liaodong area in succession, the peasant uprising in Shandong started one after another, Hebei landlords armed to resist Mongolia and the drop were in the indecisive between Mongolia, Mubo, located in southwestern of the Jin dynasty, attacked Jin from time to time, the Jin dynasty faced enormous pressure of war, and had the difficult situation in the embattled.This article aims to rectify the predecessors'ideas about some of the problems of foreign war at the end of the Jin dynasty,and Fill some blanks in this realm, mainly in four areas.Firstly, study the Jin-Mongolia war from the lack of horses. Jin's failing to completely surrender the Tartar tribes at the beginning, resulted in a lack of the Mongolian Plateau which Liao Dynasty owned, so that it could only set the group in the northeast area grazing by Wrangler. At the end of Jin, the Mongols captured the Jin group of animal husbandry. After the fall of Zhong Du, the capital of Jin moving to Kaifeng, Liaodong endless chaos, Jin has completely lost the traditional Wrangler, they had to make use of the thin soil of Henan to Wrangler, and this area was not suitable for horses, Jin was in a dramatic reduction from the number of cavalry. To save the crisis, Jin had taken various measures, but little success, so had the vast North China Plain in the infantry as the main fight on the Mongolian cavalry. There is no doubt that this was extremely unfavorable. In addition, some Jin Army chief commander in the battle using tactics was also lack of consideration, could not compensate for the disadvantages of his own lack of cavalry, but to each other causing advantages, such as YiLa pu'e let TuoLei move all the cavalry to ride the Han River without blocking,leading to the other boldly casting aside the army and attacking the Bian Jing, Jin Army turned from the active into the passive. The lessons are very profound.Secondly, study the situation of peace or war during the Jin-Xia War,then search for the Jin-Xia historical reasons for the war at the end of Jin. At the end of Jin, Jin's attitude to Jin-Xia war, had experienced two phases:a tolerant and accommodating, and turn defense into offense. This is correct,because its aim was to guard Jin from danger. This article also analyzes the peace negotiations the two sides during the war, that the long-term mutual distrust delayed onset of peace. Finally, explain the reasons for the outbreak of war. There is no doubt that both the long-standing dispute and mistrust led to the war,which had also slowed the pace of peace.Thirdly, detailed analyse and re-evaluate Jin Xuanzong South Fire. First, textual research the start time of Jin Xuan Zong South Fire. Since the Jin Dynasty south fire had been usually across the board at the same time, the article points out, the start time of Xuan Zong South Fire should be designated on the November in the first year of Xing Ding, because until then, Jin began to launch full-scale assault on the Southern Song Dynasty. While, the battle occurred in April was just a "raid",whose purpose was to force Southern Song dynsty to comply with former contract. The re-establishing of South Fire start time entails a new understanding about the purpose of South Fire. In fact, Jin Xuan Zong South Fire aimed to force Song to comply with Jia Ding Contract, rather than expanding to grazing land. Xuanzong South Fire is actually the extension of "April Raid",naturally, its aim is the aim of "April Raid",too.Finally,re-evaluate the Jin Xuan Zong South Fire. First analyzes the disadvantage of Jin during the war, which proved that Jin was unable to expand territories.The actual reason of the war is due to Southern Song's breach of contract, while the war is a certain inevitability.Fourthly, comment on the foreign war at the end of the Jin Dynasty and the reasons why Jin was destroyed.First, at the beginning the Jin Dynasty, it established his two enemies:the Southern Song Dynasty and Western Xia, and Mongolia on the north beyond the control of the Department and, ultimately, with its own national decline, it suffered a multi-combat. Second, From the founding to destruction, Jin almost always sticked to the "North Defend and South Attack" foreign policy, and hadn't been prepared to change. This led to the threat of serious consequences of misplaced priorities. Again, from the demise of internal ethnic relations of Jin, it is easy to see that the policy of ethnic discrimination against the enemy destroyed the unity of Jin and down the situation, and accelerated the demise of Jin. Finally, explore in depth the reasons for lack of war-horses. Jurchen Nationality (女真族) are not good at horses, and also was not any to find a horse system for the national road, on the degree of attention by the group of animal husbandry, led to the lack of war-horse at the end of the Jin Dynsty, and promote the Jin's destruction.