The Devolepment Of Chinese Scientific And Technogical Thoughts And Policies Since 1949

Every major progress of human civilization reflects the role and significance of science and technology. The tremendous development of science and technology is the theme of the development of human society in modem times which has promoted sociallifestyle, production mode, and the fundamental changes in our way of thinking.China is one ofthe earliest civilizations counwies in the world. Before the 16th century,science and technology in China has remained at a advanced status in the world. Due to various objective and subjective reasons, the Chinese nation which had obtained great achievements in science and technology ago has lagged far behind the developed counlries in the West in modem limes. Since the founding of the Communist Party of China,China has taken Marx technology thought as instructions and has focused on the development of Chinese science and technology undertakings. After hard working for more than 60 yeats, China not only created a suit of technology thoughts wim Chinese characteristics. but also established an independent and integrated Scientific and technological system including complete disciplines by which shorten the gap with the developed technology. Moreover, the research results have met or exceeded the international advanced level in some areas of science area and the Science and technology undertakings have made remarkable achievements which have played a tremendous role in promoting the modernization building in China.This paper focuses on the ideological background inlroducing some major decisi ons, practical reasons, the implementation process and the implementation results, of which success or failure,experiences and lessons are summed up and reflected taking the 80 years since the founding of the Communist Party of China as the study period,taking the scientific and technological thought of Marxism as a guide, taking the evolution of the party's thought as the main line and taking the great practice of the development of science and technology by Chinese people who are guided by the Party as the foundation. Finally,combining the new position faced by the development of science and technology in the new century and the new situation and China's actualconditions, putting forward countermeasures and recommendations for the guiding ideology and policy of China's science and technology development in the future.This paper is divided into five chapels except introduction.Chapter 1 researches the Science and Technology thought of the Communist Party of China and the pl"actices before the founding of China. First,USeS reflectiom on China's traditional culture and analysis of the real impact on realistic society by introducing the Western civilization tO explore the origin ofthe technological thought ofthe Communist of China. Second,sort out the scientific thought of the founder of the party before and after the founding to study the theoretic effect on the initially formed of the scientific thinking of the party. Third,researches the initial creation,the formation and development of the Science and Technology thought of the Communist Party of China during the different phases such as the land revolution,the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation and explores the policies and measures of developing science and technology to serve the war which is adopted by the party in different periods.Chapter 2 researches the flexural development ofthe party'S technological thought and its practice from the founding to the opening up innovation. After the founding ofthe PRC, the partys first-generation leadership collective wim the core Man Zedong has established the direction of'Science for the masses of the people"service guideline, brought forward the call of'enterillg into the Science", instituted a technology perspective layout,and achieved a series of scientific and technological achievements. The third and forth Sections in this chapter focuses on the "technological revolution"thought of the party and analyzed objectively the tortuous development coUrse ofthe scientific and technological thought of the Communist Party of China from the Anti-Rightist campaign to the"Cultural Revolution".as well as the negative impact and harm brought from the political science thought to China's science and technology development.Chapter 3 is to study the development and deepening of the party's technological thinking afler opening up innovation. During this period the party's technological ideology which summarized the experiences and lessons both from success and misplay of the science and technology development since PRC founding,is a rich and profound knowledge with affluent contents. The ideology takes Deng Xi8 ping's technology thinking as its core. It reiterated that Marxism science and technology is productivity based on the completion of the restoration of order; it clarified the key role of modem science mad technology; it advocated sllapmg a good social atmosphere to respect for knowledge and talent; it stressed the importance ofreforming the system ofscience and technology and thesignificance ofdeveloping high technology; it put forward creatively the thesis "science and technology are the primary productive forces", and took this as a anchor to built the party's technology thinking system in a new period,and improved the party's scientific understanding to a new level.Chapter 4 researches the development and innovation of the party's scientific and technological thinking and its practice. The third generation oftha party,with the enre Jiang Zemin,inherited collectively the quintessence of Deng Xiaoping's thinlking of technology,and grasped profoundly the new features of the scientific and technological revolution in the world since the 1990s. Moreover they did a careful review and summation to the practice expa'iences of the reform and development of China's technology; gave a priority to the development of science and technology; organized and implemented a "rejuvenating the country through science and education "tactic; put forward a series ideas tskmg scientific and technological innovation as the core; formed a cross-celltury party's technology thinking and its practice system which did a powerful impetus to the rapid development of China's science and technology undertakings.Chapter 5 is to compare and study the core technology thinking of the main leaders. This chapter does a comprehensive sorted out to the partyJs technology ideology and practice in accordance witll the historical path since the founding. And based on that in order to enable more in-depth research,this chapter does a horizontal and objective comparing from these aspects:the historic background of the technology ideologies of all the party's three COle generation leadership including Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping andJiang Zemin,the cognition ofthe function ofthe science and technology,the understanding ofthe strategic objectives and impetus oftechnology development,by this way to identify the inheritance and development skeleton during the evolution process of the party's technology thought.