Study On Development Of Peasant Intermediary Organization

In the early 1980's,a reform of contract to land system was carried out in most of Chinese rural areas. The reform greatly brought into the productive initiative of numerous farmers and propelled Chinese agriculture forward. However,with the change from planned economy to market oriented economy,the malpractice of peasant household management of small scale was exposed day by day. Scattered peasants couldn't deal with the challenge of market. And so,the people began to build up peasant intermediary organization to integrate small-scale and scattered peasant household management,and to make peasant household economy and market join together.Peasant intermediary organization is a legal person organization which integrates scattered peasant household management according to the mutually beneficial way and helped peasants adapt to the challenge of giant market by the way of agribusiness during transformation from planned economy to market oriented economy.There are two actors which affect development of peasant intermediation .One is the demand for this kind of organization institution,the other is the supply of peasant intermediation .The former includes expensive market information cost,small management scale,inferior position of negotiation,advance of Agricultural technology,rising of peasants' economic value during the process of urbanization and increasingly expanding market scale. The latter includes institution environment provided by government,cost of institutional innovation,informal institution,knowledge of social science possessed by innovator and so on.Imposed change and induced change are the two path of development of peasant intermediation. Imposed change means development of peasant intermediation to which government lead. Induced change is development of peasant intermediation sponsored by nongovernmental organization or person for the sake of potentialbenefit. Development process of peasant intermediation includes:(1) nonequilibrium of institution;(2) knowledge of potential benefit;(3) foundation of primary group;(4) desiring and choosing scheme of institutional change;(5) foundation of peasant intermediation.Organization institution of peasant intermediation mainly includes property rights and organization structure,which are critical to affect organization performance. From the viewpoint of property rights,there include private ownership,collective ownership and commune ownership. From the viewpoint of organization structure,peasant intermediation of small scale often choose U structure,while the large scale is always adapt to M structure or matrix structure. With the development of information technology,peasant intermediation will become more flexible,changeable and intangible.There are three kinds of model of benefit distribution between peasant intermediation and peasants. The first is model of corporation. Peasants found intermediation based on shares coming from land and other production factors,or peasants rent their land to intermediation. The second is model of corporative. The last is model of contract,peasant intermediation provide peasants with price support and a series of service.To enhance the construction of human resource is also very important to development of peasant intermediation. Institutional change as well as its speed and quality is mainly decided by peasant entrepreneur. Professional training and adult education for peasants not only enhance their quality,but also push development of peasant intermediation. .Government plays an important role in the process of development of peasant intermediation. It can raise or lower the threshold of development of peasant intermediation and limit or enlarge existing space of peasant intermediation.