The Japanese System Of Social Security And Drawing Lessons

Japan is a budding capitalized country. Its establishment of the social security system is later than the European and American industrial countries. But after the World War, especially in the period of the economic development at .top speed, Japan successfully realized the economic modernization. While its social security system was enriched .and perfected as one of the content of the modernization. Later, it accumulated lots of valuable experience and lesson with the trial of the social security system reform in the 1980s in order to change the top speed economy to the low speed economy and reestablished the social security system in 1990s so as to suit the coming of the society of the old aged and few of the children. To analyze and study these experience and lesson, it has no doubt theoretical magnificence and value to use for reference toward our country thai is reforming the social security system and is building the system suitable to the socialist market economy.Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan was bom in 1938, but the social security concept was riot introduced then. This concept was introduced as GHQ's occupation policy toward Japan. It changed a lot in its content with the time passed by. According to the Constitution clause 25, Japan Social Security System Consideration Committee defined the social security system as "to help the poor mainly" in 1950, later the new definition was to lay emphasis upon "to prevent from being poor". That is, social 'security system is the system that can secure the people to live healthily and contentry, and provide the help of the relief payment with the public responsibility when their stable life was harmed.The social security system in Japan can be divided into narrow and broad senses. The former includes four departments of the state help, social welfare, social insurance and the public health. The latter includes the old-aged pension of the state and local servants and pension for the family of the dealh in (he war besides the former. The social security that we usually talk about is referred to the former.The main purpose of the social security in Japan is to secure the life of the people, to help the individual independent and to support the family. Its function is that the social security is the social safety device, which makes the income redistribution well, helps to decentralize the risks, helps to stabilize and develop the society and the economy as well. It carries out the discipline of the equal responsibility shared by the insured, the enterpriser and the state financial allocation when raising the social security fee. The discipline to deal out the social security fee is the help discipline that emphasizing the social responsibility of the government, the insurance discipline that laying emphasis on one's own responsibility and the fostering discipline. Compared to Europe and America, it belongs to the mixed social security system.The social security system in Japan experienced four periods, â‘ The period of the emergency help and basic renovation(1945-955). It began to explore the way to become a welfare nation, to help the poor and to strengthen the basis of the social security administration.â‘¡The period of developing the social security system (1955-973). With the increase of the top speed economy and the improvement of the national life level, Japan built and perfected the social security system of the whole national insurance and whole national annuity system. It turned the time of the life security to the time of the social insurance, enriched the system and improved the payment. â‘¢ The period of reconsidering the social security system (1970s-980s), It reconsidered the social security system compieteiy in order to suit the economic society change to the low speed increase, the severe financial situation and the coming of the old aged society. It reformed the health insurance system to put forward to be fair to the burden of deferent ages. It also reformed the public annuity system to develop the national annuity to the payment...