The Comparison Between The Movements Of Agricultural Cooperative Led By CPC And KMT During Modern Period

In order to consolidate their dominations, the Movements of Agricultural Cooperative (MOAC) were being pushed forward by both the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Kuomintang (KMT) in their own ruling regions, from the later period of 1920s to the ending of 1940s. I try to compare the MOAC led by KMT (MOACLBKMT) and the MOAC led by the CPC (MOACLBCPC) in the following aspects:(I) At the subjective purpose, MOACLBKMT was laid more stress on the political purpose than the economic one, which was focused on consolidating the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, and paid no attention to improving the agricultural production environment completely; The purpose of MOACLBCPC was to support the revolutionary war, and develop the productivity, whose key goal was regarded to solve the peasants' difficultly in production.(II) In practice, MOACLBKMT implemented excessively on the policy of developing Agricultural cooperative organization (ACO) by the government and even that by military departments, which caused the lopsided development of credit cooperative, and the cooperative association depending on the government's support seriously. MOACLBCPC insisted on developing ACO by the masses, in the form of "run by the masses, supported by the government", which have realized the principle of the equal value exchange effectively.(III) The essence of MOACLBKMT was a new way for the rich to exploit and rule the peasant, and a tool to consolidate the old productive relation of countryside. The essence of MOACLBCPC is to liberate productive forces, advance the development of agricultural production. It is a part of New- democratic Revolution.(IV) Though once MOACLBKMT was practiced vigorously, its result didn't improve the agricultural production condition at all, or improved the social economic status of the poor peasants, nor have it modernized ACO. MOACLBCPC has promoted the development of economy of the revolutionary bases, and has improved peasants' social economic status, and realized the purpose of strengthening cooperative consciousness of peasants.(V) These lessons could be drawn from the comparisons of the two MOAC: First, we should adhere to developing ADCO through the Massive Route and looking on developing productivity of agriculture as the main aim of MOAC. Second, we should pay attention to straight out the relation between the government and the ACO, perfect the economic and domestic system of ACO and enforce the principle of mutual benefit.