Research On Rural Urbanization And Rural Surplus Labors Transfer

Since the reform, agriculture and rural economy in China have made immense development. But at the same time, they have met some problems, such as the shortage of economic resources, the sluggish demand in rural areas, and so on. Among these problems, great labors surplus and under-development of rural towns are two severe ones. These two problems have severely halted the sustainable development of rural economy, which has been concerned by the whole society. As the 16th Chinese Communist Party reported, the most important and difficult part in building a fully well-off society lies in the rural areas; to make rural surplus labors transfer to non-agriculture industries and small towns is the inescapable trend of the industrialization and modernization. That report also required to enhance the development of cities and towns, to make the all size cities and small towns develop in a harmonious way, and to build towns with Chinese characteristics.At present the demand of agriculture production in China can be met by the labors of only 0.1 to 0.2 billion, so the surplus labors must be transferred. The author believes that the transfer of the surplus labors can be done either abroad or domestically. Since transfer them outside the country is almost impossible, the problem will be solve domestically. In the country, we have three optional ways to solve it. The first way is to solve the transfer problem locally; the second is to make rural areas townlike; the last is to move the surplus labors to big cities. In fact, the first and last ways are impossible to operate, so to solve the surplus problem by building small towns becomes the only choice. Small towns are the bridges between large cities and rural areas, which makes them have the competitive advantage in solving that problem. If it is done in a correct way, we can be assured that China will make its rural areas wealthy and its economy boom. But from the foundation of China, P. R., we have ignored small towns for the development of heavy industries. After the reform, the development of small towns in China has been pushed in a slow way because of negative impacts from attitude, institutions, and policies, etc.This article is mainly about two parts: one is the research on the transfer of surplus labors; the other is the research on the development of small towns in rural areas. We firmly believe that the problem above will definitely be solved under the goal of building a fully well-off society from 16th Chinese communist party.