Eco-environment reconstruction of west China is one of the essential factors in determining the continuous and reasonable development of society and national economy. Due to the worsened western eco-environment and the inefficient governmental behavior, study of governmental behavior optimizing has profound practical significance.The dissertation includes five parts. Firstly, it introduces the background, purpose and importance of study. Secondly, it expounds the character of western eco-environment reconstruction points out its dual nature of public goods. Thirdly, it narrates the theory of the governmental behavior and emphases the significant effect in the course of reconstruction. Fourthly, it introduces the present situation of governmental behavior and analyzes the reason of ineffective government; points out market force can improve the efficiency of reconstruction. Finally, it puts forward the partitioned property rights of eco-environment can introduce the market forces into reconstruction market. At the same time, it holds that the fiscal decentralization is the better choice to achieve the double –win aspect of economy increasing and eco-environment improving.
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