The Quantization And Transformation Of China Government Structure

From the perspective of financial expenditure, this thesis discusses how to quantify the government functions through the financial expenditure, so as to compare the functions and structures of different governments in different time and places and explore the subjective and ways of achieving the transformation of government functions.China has witnessed the transformation of government functions along with the reform and opening-up since 1978. With the economic system's conversion from a socialist planned economy to a socialist market economy, the government functions of a planned economy system has to be restructured in a comprehensive and profound manner.In fact, Chinese governments at all levels do make efforts during this conversion, forcefully promoting the reform and opening-up of the economic system to a very large extent. However, the process itself is much more a practice process of exploring through practice; therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance for us to summarize theoretically this process and to guide the transformation process of Chinese government functions in a more macro view.The thesis divides the government functions into economic development function, public environment function, education function, social security function, administration function and public security function. On the basis of quantifying financial expenditure, it analyzes the historical evolution and current situation of the above six functions, and also conducts a deep analysis and study of the rationality of these functions at a theoretical level.The thesis has especially introduced the government structure of the United States as a comparative object, analyzes the quantitative differences between the United States' government and Chinese government. Based on this, this thesis analyzes differences of cultural tradition and current situation between the United States and China, and then deduces an objective model of government functions transformation of China. Through the guidance of the objective model of government functions transformation, this thesis studies the path of the transformation. Specifically, in the aspect of the government's economic development function, the government should lower the financial expenditure on the direct participation in economic construction, intensify efforts to reform the state-owned enterprises, establish a standardized market order and optimize the macro-control functions of the government; as for the government's education function, the government should not only raise the proportion of financial expenditure in education and research, but also optimize the internal expenditure structure of education and research, improve the management and efficiency of the expenditure. Collecting funds through various channels should be enhanced to solve the problem of shortage of funds; in the aspect of social security function, the government should increase expenditure, further improve the social security system, promote the socialization of social security system and improve the social security especially in rural areas.And for the public environmental function, the government should increase expenditures, promote the market orientation and industrialization of environmental protection, improve legislative and legal system, strengthen the construction of enforcement standardization and environmental supervision, improve supervision capacity, and ensure the environmental safety.In respect of the administrative function, the government should streamline the administrative agencies, reduce administrative levels, define the government duties, weaken economic intervention, strengthen social service function, improve and strengthen the financial management system, control the administrative expenditure strictly, make expenditure rational, scientific, standardized, so as to build an efficient and economical government.In terms of the public security function, the government should strengthen public security consciousness, responsibilities and institutions, establish a sound system of public security, optimize the expenditure structure, and distribute the public expenditures rationally on the basis of ensuring the smooth implementation of public security functions.The thesis aims to optimize the allocation of the government functions by establishing a financial expenditure structure corresponding to the modern socialist market economy system, in order to enhance, to the greatest extent, the development of China's economy and its social stability...