On The Analysis Of The Urban-rural Social Security Difference In Shanghai

Social security is a social security system providing that the state and society allocate and reallocate national income by legislation, and ensure the community especially financial difficulties to live basically, whose essence is to maintain social justice and to promote society stable development. As for a government, social security is not only the most important cause, but the most important policy. Social security is the hot spots of academic research, the focus of the community, and the focal point of the government. The seventeenth National People's Congress report points out that the governments should accelerate the establishment of the social security system which covering both urban and rural residents, and guarantee people's basic life. All of these indicate that the state takes the establishment of a healthy social security as the important content of implement of scientific outlook on development and construction of harmonious society.Social security belongs to social system, the development of which is enslaved to the political, economic circumstances of a country or region. Shanghai existing social security system is based on the regulation of labor insurance byelaw, which is promulgated by the state in 1951. And which has the character of the special economic base and political system at that particular period. Shanghai, as a leader of Chinese economic reform, after reform and opening up, has become Chinese economic, financial, trade and shipping centre, and its economy picks up very fast, its city competitiveness is markedly enhanced, its society and culture make unceasing progress, and people's living standard is steadily improved, In the meantime social security has being changed greatly, In 2004, the framework and mechanism of Shanghai social security were established. But, certainly, the present social security system can not adapt to the market economy requirements, and social security funds have being lost for successive years. Especially the dualistic structure of society has caused vast disparities between urban and rural areas. This not only violates the principle of fairness, but is disadvantageous to social stability and harmonious society. Therefore, to reform and coordinate the urban and rural social security seems more and more important. In accordance with the Central Committee laying emphasis on coordination of urban and rural development and social security, this paper, with empirical research on Shanghai social security, does lots of qualitative and quantitative analysis on characters and differences of urban and rural social security, looks into the deep causes behind the problems, and advances thinking and countermeasures for solutions.This paper falls into five chapters. Chapter one mainly introduces background, significance, methods, thinking, and technology line of the paper; Chapter two collects and summarizes the theoretical basis and statements of the past studies. First, it provides conceptual definitions and research areas, and then emphatically describes the basic theory and a thorough review of study situation at both home and abroad; Chapter three illustrates the Shanghai social security general status and features. Firstly, it analyses the development backgrounds of Shanghai social security, and then it does a analysis of implementation, at last, it states constructions and main features; Chapter four emphasizes on the differences between urban and rural social security. It takes the Endowment Insurance System and the Medical Insurance System as study objects, which are the most important contents of social security and which are also concerned most by the masses, analyzes the differences between urban and rural social security next, and finds out the fundamental reason for such disparities and problems so that social security recognizes reformation and innovation. In order to support the arguments, this paper quotes some analysis results of investigating; Chapter five borrows successful experiment in some developed countries for reference, and give the suggestions and countermeasures to reform social security.The main points and conclusions of this theses are:the urban social security of Shanghai is fairly perfect, and it can basically satisfy the needs of the public. But, the rural social security is relatively slower than urban social security, and the gaps are significant in the coverage, level, layer and legal construction, and rural residents bear more heavy burden and stress than urban residents. The household registration system, the national development strategy, the fiscal policy, the growing population aging, the social security system and the economic development level are all the reasons of the differeces between urban and rural social security. Therefore, the thesis tries to put forward the suggestions and countermeasures to narrow the gaps between urban and rural social security of Shanghai in reforming system, perfecting regime, building legislation and developing economy.