Study On The Countermeasures Of Japanese Agricultural Modernization And Environment

Agricultural modernization construction is a complicated systematicproject, and the realization of agricultural modernization is a difficult andlong-term task. On the road to agricultural modernization, it is necessary totake account of the new problems in the new era of Chinese agriculturalmodernization as well as those universal questions. By the middle of 1960s'ofthe 20th century, agricultural modernization had basically been realized inJapan. Japanese agricultural level is at the first level in the world at present time.However, there were serious environmental problems in the developmentprocess of its agricultural modernization, and Japanese government took allkinds of measures to resolve the problems and successfully kept the sustaineddevelopment of agriculture. The thesis borrows the experience of Japan, pointsout the present status and eco-environmental problems within Chineseagricultural modernization, and puts forward suggestions on agriculturalmodernization and sustained development with Chinese characteristics. Thereare four parts in this thesis.In Part One, the author defines the basic concept of agriculturalmodernization, analyzes the three mode of agricultural modernization:American modernization with rich resources, Japanese modernization with poorresources, and West Europe modernization, comments on the significance ofagricultural modernization and sustained agricultural development, and as aresult, concludes that sustained development is an ideal mode.In Part Two, the author analyzes the two process of Japanesemodernization. The first process is at the beginning of Meiji Reform. Failing tototally copy Western experience and out of its own characteristics, Japan chosea different agricultural operation approach, which is land-intensive operationwith more labor and more fertile. It is called Meiji operation in Japan. Duringthis process, mechanization is basically realized in fixed cultivating procedure.The second process refers to the agricultural operation approach of labor savingand productivity improvement, which is introduced from Europe and USA. Thisapproach is based on modern science and technology and makes Japaneseagriculture equipped with modern industry. It is a critical reform in Japaneseagriculture with the coming of this approach. In this period, Japan makes fulluse of bio-chemical techniques and achieves high speed development ofagriculture. The author summarizes the features of Japanese agriculturalmodernization: 1. high level of agricultural science and technology, educationand labor force; 2. decrease of rural population; 3. change of internalagricultural structure; 4. introduction of industrial production and the rapiddevelopment of the second and tertiary industry. And, analysis is also made onthe function of Japanese government in the process of agriculturalmodernization.In Part Three, the author systematically analyzes the environmentalproblem in the process of agricultural modernization: pollution of water qualityand water environment; pollution of soil; pollution of pesticide remainder; thewaste material pollution in agricultural and livestock product processing;pollution of excreta of domestic animals; methane pollution on paddy field.Focusing on the problems, there are following countermeasures: developorganic agriculture; explore the road of green agriculture; develop low sideeffect pesticide and strengthen the management and instruction of pesticideapplication; ameliorate soil; improve the management of agricultural water-use;attach importance to the study of environment and arouse the masses to protectenvironment; pay attention to trees planting and improve ecologicalenvironment; apply agricultural environmental protection technology and takepart in international environmental protection cooperation. Also, analysis ismade on the experience of Japanese agricultural sustained development: keepsustained development by law; government pay attention to the investment onagriculture and the construction of farmers'organization; strengthen theharmonious development of rural area, agriculture and farmers; adhere to theimportance of science and technology and develop scientific environmentalagriculture; highly pay attention to the management of the warranty ofenvironment quality of agricultural product and organic product. In Part Four, firstly, the author analyzes present status of Chineseagricultural modernization, which is 40% of Japanese level in the early of 1980s.Secondly, analysis is made on the problems existing in the process of Chineseagricultural modernization: the agricultural resource is insufficient; thepollution of "three waste"caused by industrial production on agriculturalenvironment is becoming a general problem from a local one; pollution ofagriculture itself is becoming serious; the deterioration of agriculturalecological environment causes serious pollution of agricultural product andresults in the decrease of exporting competence and sustained productive ability.Thirdly, the author comments on the enlightenment from the environmentquestion of Japanese agricultural modernization: 1. adhere to the strategy of...