The Reflect On Perfecting Our Country's Current Village And Town's Management System

Village and town government is Chinese political organization's grass roots, it is the twig of the five level regime system,that's to say, it is at the lowest hierarchy. As the grass roots institution, it directly faces the countryside and farmer ,presides the party's and national policy,laws and regulations' following out and executing. At the same time, it layouts and organizes the building of public facilities, and offer commonality products and community services to the countryside. Over fifty years since the founding of our country, the village and town's management system has achieved satisfying performances, but at present, the countryside, agriculture and farmer has uprised a great deal of problems, which has become the significant bottleneck to our country's reforming and opening and modernization constructing, and these problems directly or indirectly point to the basic government_ _ village and town government all. That's to say,village and town management system problems ultimately solve would directly decide our country's reform opening and modernization construction's up and down and long period of stability as well. Both government and scholars all invest quite a number of attentions on it. Since entering the new century , "the three peasant problem" was put up to a unprecedented importance position by the party and State Department. The sixteenth meeting of our party definitely lodge:" planning the city and township's economic and social development as a whole,establishing modern agriculture , developing rural economics, increasing farmer's income,are the most important. ",and quite a number of basic governments have already started reform probe on villages and towns management system,also, a great deal of scholars present a good many views too. But I think strengthen the legal system construction is the only way to walk out from the hot water. First of all, this article makes a induction and summarization on the history of villages and towns management system and divide it into three periods. The first period is from Shang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. The basic structure of the management system appears as Guo,Du,Yi,xiangtin institution and Baojia institution, at the last years of Qing Dynasty, the Qing government start to propose villages and towns autonomy system; The second period is from Xinhai revolution to 1949. Baojia system was impacted and lost its presence and role playing foundation, under the situation of feudalism imperial power being impacted and rescissoried, its legitimacy was negated from the text. The third period is from the prime foundation to current. It appears that the regime come down to villages and towns, even to hamlet, although during the middle, it turns to People's commune movement, but returns back in 1982. Secondly this article analyses the current abuses from the interior and external relationships. From the interior, the problem appears as: institutions and personnel bulge heavily ,get into debt seriously ,not separate the party from administrating, authority structure is irrationality and the leader works just only for the upper but not for the people. From the external relationships, it appears incongruity with the County and hamlet. Thirdly, this article deals with some summarization and anatomy on current major reform viewpoints. At last,this article presents its own opinion from four aspects _ _ definitude the relationships of villages and towns with County and hamlet from legal , perfect administrative legislation related to village and town management system , reinforce the administrative legal supervision from executing , reinforce on education and training of villages and towns government clerk from legal consciousness, on how to walk out from the hot water. Administrating the country on the basis of legal is our country's basic direction, also we should use it to solve the villages and towns'problem as a helpful measure. Of course, we will lost into partiality if we want to solve the matter of villages and towns management system once and for all, but we can say that laws and regulations'perfecting,administration according to law is a vigorous supplementary means.