Research On Ancient Thoughts And Policies Of Physiocracy And Commerce Suppressing In China

Thought of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing is one of the dominated thoughts in Ancient feudal china over 2000 years. Under the instruction of this thought, every dynasty has set up various policies of physiocracy and commerce suppressing. Hence, making the research on the essence and far reaching effect that this thought embodied is of great value and practical meaning to explain the traditional factors which affected modern China. The thesis is from the point of view of politics to explain the reason and theoretic basis of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing. That is to say that through the understanding on this thought and its development of process we can have a better understanding on its essence and it is also helpful to overcome some negative thinking on traditional thoughts with providing explanation on modern china's development.The thesis is made up of four parts:The first part is focuses on the main reason of ancient China's "Physiocracy and commerce suppressing " These reasons include : first, by the geo-environmental impact of China's first ancient agricultural settlement patterns. Agricultural settlement patterns under the influence of a small-scale peasant economy, making China the community very early to establish a farm-based concept. Because hinds itself instability, the value of economic development will inevitably impact on the stability of small-scale peasant economy. Ancient Chinese society and the prosperity depends on the development of small-scale peasant economy, the value of the ancient economic underdevelopment, for the stability and the protection of small-scale peasant economy, but to take to restrain commerce to stress agriculture. Second, Physiocracy and commerce suppressing is the result of the autocratic political order of the objective needs. Early Chinese society, the state formed from the date they embarked on the despotism of the road of development, and which lasted two millennia. In the autocratic rule, for the rulers, stability is more important than development, the rule of the rulers has paid great attention to the order. Small-scale peasant economy and commodities between the two forms, which is more conducive to the maintenance of a stable political order, Therefore, in carrying out ideological and policy choices, it will produce agricultural and suppression business results. Third, Physiocracy and commerce suppressing is the landowners land tenure forms the inevitable result. Tenancy land exploitation by the feudal landlords rent economy is the landlord class interests of the acquisition, and closely linked with the natural economy is the landlord class access to its corporate interests and the foundation, So to prevent excessive expansion of commercial capital with the landlord class for the economic interests of the ruling class as the landlord the proper meaning, So the landlord class make use of force to adopt Physiocracy and commerce suppressing policy.The second part focuses on the forming and development process of thoughts of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing. This process is divided into two main parts, the thoughts of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing in the pre-Qin dynasty, including Confucian thoughts, Shang Yang's Legalists of Agriculture to advocate policies and Han Fei and the political right of Agriculture to thinking of the play. And this thoughts in "Guan zi ? severity" .the second section this part is talking about the development of this thoughts in Qin and Han Dynasty in which the statement and avocation from different thinkers and rulers in these dynasties are included. The conclusion from this chapter is that Physiocracy and commerce suppressing is the main thought stream in China and it has gone through all the federal society of chinaThe third part discusses the commerce suppressing policy affected by physicoracy. Through the understanding of various policies of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing in different dynasties, the author generally abstracts that some common policies were adopted from all dynasties including cheap business policy, Public farmers by businessmen and farmers from no to the policy, taxation policy and Monopoly system. Meanwhile, some also note that in certain dynasties, the Sung Dynasty, when compared to other dynasties, its business is a more tolerant attitude even encouraged. Through the analysis of these issues, the author concludes that basically the commerce was least important industry. The concept of rulers, even to some business and encourage tolerance, business is only to enhance its national strength as a temporary means, the importance of agriculture is not compared of Agriculture traders policies of the Chinese feudal dynasties are mainly implemented.The fourth part is the significance of writing, which is the analysis of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing policy. The author thinks that the thoughts and policy of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing reflects the focus of ancient thinkers and rulers on order rather than development. Although ancient Chinese thinkers thought that this policy could also help to develop individual agriculture somehow, it is in essence to maintain the federal rulers'interests. This part analyses on the effect that thoughts and policies of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing attribute to china federal society including positive and negative affects. The essence of this thesis is that thoughts and policy of Physiocracy and commerce suppressing is the source of China traditional thoughts and it has concrete meaning for China to develop modern democracy.