On Sun Yat-sen's Local Autonomy Thoughts

The local autonomy thoughts are one important land of the political science. Sun Yat-sen as democratic revolution forerunner paid the great concern to local autonomy in all his life. Local autonomy is the important component of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's democracy thought. Forming of it has close ties with western local autonomy thought spread into and the local autonomy big background of ideological trend in the beginning stage of Min Guo and the latter stage of Qing Dynasty, it had gone through a course of changing development constantly.Mainly there are two theory sources of Sun Yat-sen's local autonomy thought: First, the local autonomy thoughts of the western countries, second, the autonomy factor in Chinese traditional culture. Sun Yat-sen has criticize the relevant theories of drawing lessons from the western countries as well as developed what is useful and discarded what is not domestic forefathers and contemporary people's understanding of local autonomy. Sun Yat-sen maintain that studies the local systems of countries such as U.S.A. and Switzerland, etc, but can't follow in its footsteps, but should exceed them. Sun Yat-sen thought China can implement local autonomy because it is traditional and beautiful that there is autonomy in China. Sun Yat-sen's local autonomy thought has gone through one from elementary to the systematic course, run through in its whole practice of revolution.Sun Yat-sen's local autonomy thought includes the extensive content. Sun Yat-sen determines the circle of local autonomy as place people managing the square thing here; the government does not interfere at all. He has analyzed the necessity implementing local autonomy from three respects. First of all, local autonomy is a foundation of the Min Guo's construction. Sun Yat-sen thought local autonomy was plinth of country, plinth hard the country could be firm, through implement local autonomy foundation to consolidate country, make the Min Guo incline servant never. Secondly, local autonomy is a prerequisite of implementation of constitutional government. Sun Yat-sen thought that should lead people in political tutelage stage, build local autonomy, in order to implement the condition of preparing of constitutional government. Finally, local autonomy is the route that the direct civil rights realize. Sun Yat-sen thought through pursuing the national qualification that local autonomy can fully ensure national people, realize the right that the people master one's own affairs. The determination regarding autonomy is unit, regarded province as the autonomy unit to regarding county as the unit transition of autonomy after Sun Yat-sen's understanding had gone through one. Before 1916, Sun Yat-sen mainly advocated implementing autonomy by province. After 1916, Sun Yat-sen inclined to regard county as the autonomy unit gradually, and objected to implementing the federalism apt to cause the country to split clearly, criticized the autonomy of uniting province, prevented separatism warlord regimes. About the local autonomous jurisdiction, Sun Yat-sen mentioned many times. He thought local autonomy should finish, take census, improve traffic, popularize, educate, revitalize industry thing. Until " whether local autonomy implement law ", Sun Yat-sen summarized for clear registered permanent residence, set up organ, book price of land, cultivate oneself according to a religious doctrine way, open up wasteland, set up the school etc six things. The central relation with locality is the important content of Sun Yat-sen's local autonomy thought too, Sun Yat-sen had done analysis from two respects of local autonomy and unification of the motherland, centralization and de-centralism. He maintained clearly local autonomy can't hinder country's political, administrative unity, advocate the authorities of central authorities and locality, adopt and weigh the doctrine. Sun Yat-sen managed with the people curing, acting as, and distinguishing the fact clearly to officer also. Officer manages with the people it manages to be shall with place view of powering. Right lies in the officer, does not lie in the people, manage for the officer; right lies in the people, does not lie in the officer, and manage for the people. Only by implementing local autonomy can it really realize the people manage. Sun Yat-sen maintained in order to run as an experiment first, and then the method to popularize implements local autonomy, had supervised places such as Ningbo, Taishan, Xiangshan, etc. to implement autonomy. He thought it is realizing the condition at all of local autonomy that people's revolutionary victory and the country makes independence, freedom. Should consider factors such as the realization of the population, land, guard, road and direct civil rights, etc. synthetically about the completion standard of local autonomy.Sun Yat-sen's local autonomy thoughts help to weaken feudal despotism politics, to the political file and legislating to produce deep influence of the Min Guo. Sun Yat-sen advocated helping to train people's democratic consciousness and independent idea by implementing local autonomy and implementing the direct civil righting. His theory to central authorities and local relation explains has meaning of inspiring to build the system of local government of China. Certainly, because of the limitations of limitation and the times of the class, Sun Yat-sen's local autonomy thoughts have not got really carried out and implemented.