A Study Based On Institutional Analysis Of "Township Government And Villagers' Self-governance" And Equilibrium Improvement

Family-contract responsibility system due to the peasants demand-oriented in essence breaks the Peoples'Commune system. Its evolution shows that the good relation between the state and the rural society must be based on the objective conditions in the rural society.Since 1980s, China rural society has formed a mode of"Township government and villagers'self-governance". According to the mode, the township government is the most basic government of china and villagers'self-governance is executed under the township government. Villagers'self-governance system as a system change is a system innovation established rural harmonious order, and coordinated social development and progress. This system innovation expresses people expectations to the state effective government and the countries rights. However, the current rural governance of china has been in difficult situation. How to get a reasonable mode between the state and the rural society at the background of the new rural construction and the harmonious society, has reasons not only the outside factors but also inside factors.There are four parts besides the introduction and conclusion. In introduction, I have explained the background and significance of this problem; the current situation in this field; and then some necessary explanations about the theory and methodology of this study.Part one describes development process for historical research villagers'self-governance from the vertical angle, and also explained the mode of"township government and villagers'self-governance"on the basis of practicing villagers'governance. Then the author describes the structure and the functions both the township government and the villager autonomous organization. In the rural society, the township as the most basic management of china and the villager autonomous organization gamble, complement. The structure achieves the state rural management, and promotes the rural society development. The rural governance on the basic of villagers'self- governance is the result of the combined effect of changes between the induced institutional change and the compelled institutional change. Now the rural governance is not ideal, however, this is not its own reasons. Its appearance results from the unequal interaction of the two forces both the state power and the rural autonomy in the rural society. Therefore, part two describes the unequal interaction and explains the reasons.Part three analyzes the interactive inequality sources between the state power and the rural independence from the view of the state and the society using North system theory. Many reasons from the formal system about the state modernization development strategy, the state administration system and the path dependence, and the informal system about traditional concepts, local knowledge and the quality of the township workers contribute to unequal interaction.Analysis of the theoretical perspective, the author thinks the unequal interaction between the state power and the rural independence must be broken. We prefect the state power and grow the rural independence, and construct good interaction of the state and the rural society.In rural governance, the author puts forward the measures from two levels on the basis of reality:one hand, the author thinks township reform must be perfected and achieves the effective management of the state power in the rural society; on the other hand, the paper suggests that we prefect the villagers'governance system, and promote the growth of the rural independence through cultivating modern farmers and farmers organizations and so on. The aim is to form the dynamic equilibrium.