Public Participation In Public Administration

Along with the rapid development of the social productive forces and the more mature market economy, the functions of government managers are facing the new challenges and changes. Traditional management methods can not meet the requirement of modern society. Whether the managers recognize and willing or not, public participation will play an increasingly important role and reflect the growing influence in social and political life. It mainly refers to the citizens participate in the management of public affairs. Here the citizens not only of individual citizens, but also refers to a temporary or permanent citizens of the community self-organization. Between government and citizens need to achieve a new type of interaction and cooperation to realize the public interest maximization, it requires that government regulators must take into account the interests and needs of citizens in formulating and implementing policies. They would introduce the public participation in public policy, so as to enhance the quality of public services.The core value of public participation to achieve two major goals: value and efficiency goal. The efficiency goal is to help the government to improve the management and enhance administrative efficiency, realize the effective supply of public goods and the optimal allocation of public resources. But the value goal is the expression of the people's democratic values and human rights, thus to maximize the social justice and the public interests.This article first describes the concept of public participation and analyzes the necessity of public participation. From "the economic man hypothesis", the government managers is also an economic man, they similarly pursue individual effectiveness the maximization. Rational individuals often lead to a collective irrational, thereby making it possible damage to the public interests. Thus the introduction of public participation can prevent the public power alienation; narrow the target deviation between the clients and agents, conduct effective supervision and control from the outside ; reducing information asymmetries and reach a balanced decision-making costs and external costs; increase the citizen acceptability of public policy, and then discusses the three aspects of the technical basis, the organizational foundation and the theoretical basis of the feasibility of public participation. But public participation will face the costs problems that led to the "free-riding", the managers must pass a certain incentive mechanism to promote the healthy and orderly development of public participation. This article analyzes the driving mechanisms from the four aspects. "Selective incentives" can be eliminated "free-riding" in the collective action of some members of the society; "mandatory acceptance of democracy" with the rules and the nature of the system is to promote the participation of the group members of the external driving force; "Value-restraint" is from the social criteria for incentive in real life, people are always affected by the social values; "Minimum regret strategy" is the psychological motivation of public participation, so as to avoid the risk of the biggest regret. The government regulators should carry out the varying degrees and forms of public participation according to changed environment, it can be summed up in four main types: the government makes decision by themselves; the public participation to obtain citizens information; to enhance the understanding of the policy; to promote citizen and public managers participating in the joint production. Choose the path of public participation, in what manner, to what extent, the constraints they are faced, dynamic mechanism analysis on this basis, submitted and discussed by the corresponding system to regulate citizens to participate in public management, so as to protect the public policies. It mainly includes four aspects: cultivate a culture of public participation in the political environment and the corresponding cultural support; further clarifying the rights of citizens, improve the legal system for substantive participation; community development, the building of grassroots democracy, social capacity for self-government; construction of the incentive and restraint mechanisms to introduce similar competition in the private sector, citizens play a supervisory role. Finally the paper propose some ponders and the suggestions for the problem of public participation in our country.Based on the public participate in public management as topics, its purpose is to how to control the extent and ways of public participation, and form benign and orderly public participation, so as to promote the healthy interaction and cooperation between the government and the citizens. This article has mainly used the science of administration, politics research and the management study.