On The British And American Government Performance Management Practice And Enlightenment

The Government Performance Management (GPM) is the front topic of the modern public administration, also is one of the difficult problems recognized by various countries. Since China's opening and reform, our government has always paid much attention to the issue of administration efficiency. "Simplification, unification and efficiency" has always been one of the basic principles of reforming. The goal of China's Reform of Administrative System is a management system with the following characteristics: standardization of actions; coordination of operations; fairness and transparency; honesty and efficiency. Reducing the government costs and promoting the government performance has caused our party and government attention highly. The problems of government performance have appealed much common concern of our government at all levels. The introduction, absorption and reference of the advanced ideas, mechanism, instrument and method form the western countries has already been one of the important items in the deepening reform of administration. Theoratically, we have got certain achievement of the research on Performance Administration; however, in practice, lots of local governments have had some attempts on the management and evaluation of local government's achievement and efficiency, some have reached some effects in practice, but still there some problems exist. It should be noted, however, that the performance management of our government, in terms of performance pole, performance budget, performance evaluation and performance asking and responibility system, have many shortcomings which still waiting for some rational and effective measures for improvement.The basic frame of the article is: the first part makes dialectical analysis concerning the basic concepts and related theories of GPM; the second part labors the Britain and America's government reinventing course, then summarizes the affinity between government performance management and system foundation established by the government management modes; the third part puts forward ideas about constructing and perfecting the system foundation and its relative system measures of our government performance management, which links the system ingredients of the western countries' government reinventing. This research method of this dissertation is an combination of normative analysis and empirical analysis . Based on the systematic presentation of the spirit, foundation, orientation and guarantee of the GPM, this paper aims at the course of the GPM of the U.K. and U.S. government and analyzes and evaluates their institutionalization from the microcosm to the macrocosm phase. Then the paper gives an general outline of the U.K. and U.S. governments' perfprmance management practise from the perspectives of performance pole, performance budget, performance evaluation and performance asking and responibility system. Finally, this paper intercompares the the performance management mechanism of the two governments with the real situation of the Chinese government's performance management and proposes a feasible GPM reform plan suitable to the Chinese situation.The innovation of this paper lies in that the author firstly analyses the mature measures of the UK and US government performance management; concludes their methods and experience which can be implemented by us and has made an useful exploration of the present performance management system. In terms of perfecting the performance budget system, the author proposes that the government should establish the taxpayer-oriented concept in the budgeting management and the government should gradually establish the "customer-oriented" and "efficiency- oriented" system in order to build up a positive "people-based" and "performance- based" image. Besides that, the government should create a operating framewok for the construction of performance budget system from the legal, managemental, technical and evaluating apsects. T he author also put forward certain detailed reformation measures such as refining the annual working plan of department as an annual performance index; using the "performance-budget" analystic method for project planning; estabishing correct stimulating mechanism as well as competing mechanism. In terms of perfecting performance evaluation system, the author proposes the establishing of " customers first" and "consumer-oriented" concept to strengthen the governmental service function; the "responsibility"concept to strengthen the consciousness of public responsibility; the "efficiency" concept to promote government consciousness of quality and equality. The author proposes the establishment of the law and regulations for performance management; the establishment of index system of government performance evaluation; the establishment of the information system for performance evaluation and the establishment of the performance evaluation mechanism combining higher authority supervision with people supervision. In terms of performance asking and responibility system, the author proposes the "inner administration leading" principle and the strategies of establishing administrative asking and responibility system; furthermore, the reformation of the asking and responibility system module of local government's chief administrative officer. The author also proposes the perfection of "auditing" asking and responibility system module which is shared by "grade asking and responibility system" and "legal asking and responibility system" and finally the author suggests our government should introduce and reform the feasible asking and responibility module from the social asking and responibility system and then popularize and applicate them step by step.