An Analysis On Construction Of Government Credit Under China's Market Economy

The construction of government credit plays an important role as foundation and core in building social credit system. In recent years, it was expounded by many scholars from different points of view, which were short of all-round theoretical studies. In this paper, according to the characteristics of political and economic systems in our country, I try to find out the theoretical origins of the west countries and traditional administrative credit thought of China, reveal the reason for credit deficiency of government in deeper level and seek effective approaches in building government credit.The credit thought of western government can be traced back to as early as the age of Plato. In the last few decades, the principal-agent theory developed very fast. In this theory, people are believed as "broker" with reason, who pursue the maximization of self-interest, and so does the government which is composed of brokers. For instance, more attention was begun to be paid to the moral factors in public administration since 1970s, all western countries, such as America, established laws and standards for disciplining civil servants in moral aspects. In traditional cultures of China, it was mostly encouraged that rulers should abide by their words. In "The Analects: Yan Yuan XII", the Master said: "a people without confidence in its rulers will not stand.", which believed that the rulers abide by their words to the people is the premise and key in forming political cohesion. Modern scholars in our country began to study on government credit since 1990s. The study, which rose along with the prominence of credit problems since the reform and opening to the outside world, mainly succeed the origins of western contract theory or principal-agent theory, concerning the connotation, content, theoretical origins, status and effects of government credit, main reason for credit deficiency and approaches to build credit of government.The social credit system consists of government credit, enterprise credit and individual credit. The government credit is core of the entire social credit system. It can be explained from following aspects: firstly, the government credit is the political basis directly for validity of government. It is believed in principal-agent theory that government and voters form an principal-agent relationship. When the agent fails to accomplish the services that the client expected or even violates the client's interests, then their principal-agent relationship rescinds automatically, and the client shall find another agent. Our country is a socialist country under the leadership of CPC, the Party's important thought of "Three Represents" is not only the summary of its years of struggling experiences, but also the promise to the maximal majority of the Chinese people. Once deviating the promise, our Party and government shall also gradually lose the trust of people and finally lose the power to rule the country. Secondly, the construction of government credit is an important impetus to the realization of political civilization. The government credit is helpful to push the development of democracy, maintain the political order of society, enlargethe participation in politics of the public and increase the political prestige of government. It is the key element to build the government image and the important impetus to build the political civilization. Thirdly, the construction of government credit is an important assurance of economic development. The market economy is the one of credit, the government shall effectively implement the public policies relating to market rules to maintain the market trade norms in a reasonable way. Fourthly, the construction of government credit is the footstone to build social credit. The establishment of government credit is the premise to establish real enterprise and individual credits.Subjectively, as the government acts as the agent of public power in two parties under the contract, the government credit means to keep its promises, abide by the rules and carry out the contract. Objectively, it means the subjective evaluations made by social organizations and the people, who act as the clients under the contract, on the performance of government. It is an psychological evaluation on government's administrative behaviors.The government credit consists of many aspects. In my opinion, the government credit, in management and service aspects, is composed of power credit, program credit, institution credit, system credit and behavior credit. Power credit means that the government shall exercise its power justly by law. Program credit means that the government shall carry out its affairs scientifically, democratically and transparently. Institution credit means that the government shall provide the adequacy, timeliness and rationality of institutions. System credit refers to the adaptability of specific constitutional system of government and administrative programs of a state. Behavior credit refers to the legitimacy and efficiency of government in administrative behaviors.At present, although the government credit of our country is good in certain aspects, generally speaking, it exists many problems or even crisis. For instance, such problems as unclear of government jurisdiction and misuse of authority, insufficient policies and improper enforcement, serious formalism and distortion of information transmission, ineffective market supervision and consequent in market confusion, administrative staff execute illegally and full of corruption, local protectionism is serious and ineffective implementation of policies, the government is deep in debt but financial insolvency are all serious ones.The reasons for credit deficiency of government in our country can be divided into the following six aspects. First, the government is given too much power that beyond its practical competence. The functions of government are not reasonably oriented, consequently, the government performs badly over the problems within its realm of jurisdiction and is able to do nothing over those beyond its power limit. Second, there is insufficient power for construction of government credit. There will be no power for building credit, if there is no stimulation of profits and deterrent of credit deficiency. Third, negative influence of traditional administrative cultures. In China's traditions of administrative cultures, the thought of "officer oriented" result in a great loss of consciousness of credit and service in government's administrative ideas. Officers conduct as they wish, without restriction of laws. Fourth, unopened information result in fuzzy image of government. Fifth, institutional alteration produces unstable factors. Sixth, imperfect criteria of government behavior and ineffective supervision. The administrative supervision is inefficient, which doesn't stop the trend of corruption from getting worse radically.In my opinion, we should strengthen the construction of government credit from following aspects: firstly, to deepen the system reform and transform the government from a almighty one into a public service one as soon as possible, that is to change government's functions into "economic regulation, market supervision, social management and public services". Secondly, to strengthen the moral education and promote the consciousness of credit and moral standard of government staff, so as to build an credit culture of government. Thirdly, to optimize the dynamic mechanism of government credit and establish the mechanism of praising those who keep word and punishing those who break faith. To establish evaluation system on government credit is of top priority. Fourthly, to perfect the system of administrative regulations and push forward legal administration. Fifthly, to promote the decisive level and strengthen democracy construction. Sixthly, to actively open government affairs and build transparent and honest government.The construction of government credit in our country is now in a key period, so we must pay enough attention to it. In addition, We must carefully orient the government's jurisdiction, perfect the system, promote staff's moral standard, administrate legally and open information, to establish an image of credit government both for Chinese people and the world.