On Japan's Public Servant Training System And Its Enlightenment For China

From 1993 when China began to implement the Temporary Statute of National Public Servant to 2006 China enact the Law of Public Servant of the People's Republic of China, more than 10 years, public servant system has become more scientific, systematic and democratic. As a important part of the whole system, national public servant training system contributed more for the public servants during the 10 years. According to incomplete statistics, during this 10 years, more than 17 million pubic servants have taken training in different kinds and about 2.3 million people take part in the training. From which we can see the public servant training program really made a great progress. Nowadays, the social sciences and technology has been developing very rapidly and the humanity entered the informational society. Standing in the front, official's training work faced with the new challenge. Japan, which is very near China, has established a consummate public servant training system during 1980s. there are a lot of experience that we can learn.1﹑from the legislative perspective, Japan regulars their officers according to"the Law of National Public Servant"and"the Law of Regional Public Servant". The Law of National public servant is enacted in October 1947 that is the basic law reference. The Law of Regional Public Servant is enacted in 1950. In China the Law of Public Servant of the People's Republic of China was not enacted until 2006 which is 50 years later than Japan.2﹑ from the training institution perspective, Japan has established a vertical and horizontal network. In vertical, as the leading institution, National Personnel Authority adjusts the training plan of every central ministry and organizes the general training. Under the instruction of the personnel authority, every ministry has training institute to execute its own plan. Regional training is organized by the secretariats in every area of personnel authority. Every autonomy also set up autonomy colleges and training centers. In horizontal, the training program in Japan is along with the whole career of public servants. There are different training contents in different stage of the career and it's connected.3﹑from the way and kind of training perspective, in Japan, the public servant training is divided into different grades and kinds. During the process, firstly, they separate officers by position to make the target more clear for different class. They also adopt specific way of training toward special officers. For example, for female public servants, to promote the working passion and the efficiency of them, the organize training program containing female congress senator course, communication capability, internship and so on.4﹑from the content and form perspective, there are not only courses in classroom but also inspection of the scene, not only the administrative training which is closely related to regular work but also program to send officers to private companies, not only domestic multilayer training but also training program abroad. Anyway, the system is very abundance.5﹑ from the time perspective, the training period in Japan is usually not long. From 4 days to 8 days, no more than 2 weeks.There are a lot of problems in China's training program of public servants. To solve these problems, we can learn from Japan's training system and connect it with our country's situation.1﹑complete related law and regulationAlthough China has enforced the Law of Public Servant of the People's Republic of China, the matching clauses of law related has not been established that affects the completion of public servant system to some extent. So, China has to set down a whole set law, regulation and the enforce details, to regulate the employment, assessment, promotion system and connect these rules with training program to ensure the legislation of public servant training.2﹑strengthen the recognition to public servant trainingWe should realize that education and training is the deciding factor of the quality of public servants and make it clear that it's important. From the high-class to low-class division, to persist the training system and improve the recognition and passion of officers themselves about training3﹑strengthen the construction of training institute and teachersBesides a professional training group, we should also invite experts and scholars with abundant experience to give lectures about related topic and invite them to be part-time professor to stabilize and enrich teacher's quality. 4﹑establish effective training networkUntil now, we have fundamentally established a public servant training network which is mainly composed of national administration institute and regional national administration. The national personnel authority should adjust it to make different training institute cooperate and share information, teaching experience and facility. Through effective association, reducing cost, improving training quality, enlarging the quantity of officers who take training and finally establishing a efficiency and strong training network.5﹑invest more in training programWe should invest more money to support teaching facility and power. Considering the money, we can put the program into government fiscal plan and every year the government supplies specific fund, or, to collect money through various channels.6﹑improve the content and the form of trainingWe should change the training from theory to practice and research the significantly strategic problem in the social development. We should aim at improving trainees'ability of thinking, establishing and executing policy, integrated managing and servicing for public7﹑ improve the method of trainingWe should change the method from traditional lecture by professor to"problem research", teach trainees in practice like discussion, case, scene-seeing, post-experience and so on. It would be better to let officers go into the grass roots to face with the problems exiting in our society and strengthen the ability of contacting with mass.8﹑establish efficiency restriction and examination systemWe should complete efficiency restriction and examination system to make the training connected with the change, promotion of trainees'post. We can write the training result into the officers'individual file to make it an important criterion to judge promotion. So the public servant training can have an actual effect and improve the quality of the whole group.