Equality Of What: Interpretation And Controversy Of Equality Theories Under The Contemporary Distributive Justice

Equality, one of the most ancient concepts is unique to human beings, which makes up an essential component of justice and forms an important political value in modern society. Almost all schools of political theory hope to achieve equality of something. In this paper, it chooses five theories, which are the most contentious and representative. They are equality- equality of opportunity, equality of welfare, equality of resources, capabilities approaches and equalitarianism. From the Western scholars'interpretation and the analysis of the argument of"what is equality", it wants to understand how they can do to achieve real equality others.Chapter one begins with explaining equality of opportunity, it discusses each of the five equal theories. Equality of opportunity generated from the grading system as a denial. Everyone must have the same opportunity to compete with others. People should look at which the status of their ability and efforts, and should not be discriminated because of their race, religion, gender and place. Equality of welfare is not specific welfare benefits equal. It means people's sense of happiness should achieve the same level. Welfare refers to meet the preferences. Benefits equal opportunity means that every individual has free choice at a certain moment to get what he wants or not. The concept of equality resources by Dworkin is that from the auction compensation, everyone has the same choices and the ability to pursue valuable life and the auction can be equal division of resources. Through how to compensate it, Dworkin distincts the original luck and the options luck. Sen Adhers assists on the diversity and differences, equality and other theoretical and critical reflection on the basis of ability to put forward a workable theory of equality.From four aspects, the second part of the article analyzes the controversy of equal opportunity, equal benefits, equal and viable resource capacity controversy. First is the equality of opportunity by Rawls Criticism. From the introduction of the concept of equality judgment, it brings equal opportunities for the "responsibility". It realizes that "freedom from discrimination" as the primary equality. The external environment is unfavorable factors hinder social equity as the biggest drawbacks; secondly, the preference is for the welfare and equality of responsibility Criticism. Welfare and the welfare of equal opportunity will be reflected to the extent of personal happiness and responsibility preference link. But preferences from its formation to change itself have been involved in a lot of debate on the issue. Benefits at least equal to choice and responsibility at the same time put forward. Again, on the equality of resources by Dworkin's criticism, Dworkin in the welfare of equality and Rolls are different on the basis of the principle of criticism. Further distinguish between the"original luck"and"options luck". However, this distinction did not succeed. Finally, it gives the criticism of the practical capacity-equal. But there is not a standard with feasible capacity equal; which let us make viable the potential personal capacity.The third part of the article is mainly meant to reflect on luck egalitarian and leads to equality and democracy. Luck egalitarian, the focus of attention is the people's choice and luck, the impact of bad luck should be shared. On the personal choice of individuals to bear results. However, luck alone is beyond our control. This does not affect our shared the basis of luck. Moreover, in the context of liberalism, we can not really run according to their personal choice to determine individual responsibility for such reasonable conditions. Clearly, luck egalitarian also brings about a genuine treat people equally. In fact, the authors suggest that the problem is not luck egalitarian own shortcomings, but distributive justice itself. In the context of the distribution of power on the main foretells the Almighty and the authority. Only justice will be allocated with the relationship between justice, equality and democracy through the guarantee of equality in the distribution can truly achieve equality of others.