Marxist Classical Writers On The Social Role Of Intellectuals

First, the different understanding to the connotations of the intellectuals.As national and historical traditions of different countries there are clear differences on the understanding to the connotations of the intellectuals between the oriental and western countries. Western countries regard the community of intellectuals as "conscience elements," and emphasize the spirit of social criticism. Chinese intellectuals generally are defined as "a certain social strata with cultural and scientific knowledge, living on the mental work mainly, Such as science and technology workers, doctors, teachers, journalists, literary and art workers." This idea stresses intellectuals have higher literacy with occupational characteristics of who engaged in mental work. The author thinks: intellectuals are mental workers who exceed the average level of literacy than social workers on same time, mainly taking creating, disseminating, applying scientific and cultural knowledge for the means of livelihood.Second, Marx and Engels provide the initial theoretical perspective to understand the issues of intellectuals.Intellectuals'class and social status has been considerable controversy theoretical issue in the history of socialist ideology. According to their analysis of the labor characteristics of intellectual's class in capitalist society, Marx and Engels analysis clearly point out that the vast majority of intellectuals in the capitalist society are wage labour and a part of the working class.Marx and Engels put forward that science and technology is the productive forces, which fully endorse the social role of intellectuals. This provides a directly theoretical basis for the party of the working class on the issue of attaching importance to intellectuals.As the part of the working class and the important role in promoting the development of social productive forces, Marx and Engels hold that intellectuals can participate in the revolution and revolution also need the participation of intellectuals.Marx and Engels's study on the theory of intellectuals is not systematic and comprehensive, in some aspects, it can be said very fragmentary, but its instructive meaning in theory is not lost up to now.3, Lenin, Stalin's thought on intellectuals provides a scientific reference for the socialist countries.Lenin, Stalin clears a point of view that intellectuals are stratum in the history of socialist ideology Stalin clearly affirmed intellectuals is a social stratum ,not a class the first time, so as to lay a theoretical basis to divide the class of intellectuals. Stalin also treats intellectuals, workers and peasants equally. In fact intellectuals had been regarded as a part of the working people. This ideology provided the latter socialist countries to understand class of the intellectuals correctly with a scientific theoretical guide.Lenin and Stalin think that if there is not the participation of intellectuals, neither socialist revolution or socialist construction is difficult to achieve victory. We must pay great attention to the social role of intellectuals.Since intellectuals in the socialist revolution and socialist construction course play a very important role, we must attach great importance to the issues of intellectuals and formulate workable policy toward intellectuals to create possible conditions for the role of intellectuals. Lenin and Stalin have made a number of recommendations in this regard.Lenin, Stalin's thinking on intellectuals is undoubtedly the enrichment and development of Marx and Engels'intellectuals'thinking, which produced a great guiding significance for the correct attitude toward the issues of intellectuals of the socialist countries.Fourth, the party's three generations of leaders conduct the tireless theoretical exploration on the issue of intellectuals. Like Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and other revolutionaries of the same mentor, Mao Zedong first also made a conscientious observation to the class of intellectuals. Through a comprehensive analysis of China's intellectuals, most of the time, Mao Zedong thought about that intellectuals are petty bourgeois, but the part of the working people. On this basis, further Mao Zedong pointed out that in the China's revolutionary intellectuals play the role of vanguard and bridges. If not the participation of intellectuals, the victory of revolution is impossible.As the core of the party's second-generation leadership collective, Deng Xiaoping has always been concerned and valued the importance of the issues of intellectuals. Since reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping according to the tremendous changes in China's intellectuals since the founding of the PRC, conducted a comprehensive analysis in the ideological and political situation, economic status and composition of staff, clearly indicates that China's intellectuals have become part of the working class in our country.As the core of the party's third generation of leadership collective, on the basis of the thesis of the Marxist intellectual, Jiang Zemin highlights the status and role of intellectuals from the perspective of development of advanced productive forces, and put forward the thesis "intellectuals are the pioneers of the advanced productive forces". He particularly point out that our party should "always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces ", which has set the lofty social status of intellectuals, put intellectuals to the center of the society.