A Review Of The Anti-Americanism After The Cold War

From the present status of the anti-Americanism after cold war, this paper points out that the anti-Americanism after cold war had a growing trend instead of being weakened not as the United States thought. This paper launches a comprehensive rational analysis of anti-Americanism from the following three parts.In the first part, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the anti-Americanism after cold war. Compared to anti-Americanism before the end of the Cold War, the anti-Americanism after cold war emerged four distinctive characteristics. The first characteristic is multi-level anti-American. Before the end of the Cold War, anti-Americanism was mainly at the national level because of the large international environmental constraints. Although there was anti-Americanism at the individual level and organizational level, they were relatively weak. After the Cold War anti-Americanism was a phenomenon in which anti-American at national level, organizational level and personal level existed at the same time and had a great influence. The second characteristic is multi-range anti-American. Anti-Americanism after the Cold War was almost throughout Asia, Africa, Europe, America and other continents. The main part of anti-American also included a traditional ally of the United States such as South Korea, Germany and so on. The third characteristic is high-intensity anti-American. After the Cold War the intensity of anti-Americanism upgraded more considerably than before, which included the strength both on public and on the force opinions. The strength of anti-American also enhanced the impact of anti-Americanism. The fourth characteristic is multi-form anti-American. Anti-Americanism in the post-Cold War showed co-existence in various forms, in political, economic and force of which the force-form reached its peak in the 9 ? 11 incident.In the second part, this paper deeply analyses some representative cases of anti-Americanism from national level, organizational level and public level. The national level of anti-US case was Venezuela. Under the leadership of President Hugo Chavez, Venezuela has launched a vigorous anti-US campaign in recent years. Venezuela's anti-Americanism was mainly based on national economic security being threatened, of course, there were Chavez's personal factors. Venezuela condemned U.S. in politics but more importantly it opposed America through its econimic means. The nation took in the oil industry that was once controlled by large American oil companies, abandoned the neo-liberal economic policies controlled by the United States and withdrew from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Organizational level of anti-Americanism case was al-Qaida, which has taken the form of terrorist attacks against the United States when it can not use political condemn, economic boycott, and other resources of a sovereign country. And the organization once funded by the United States took the form of terrorist attacks, perhaps because various contradictions and conflicts caused by U.S. hegemony policies. The level of public case was South Korean people. Since Korea was founded, it maintained the close relations with the United States government. However, with South Korea's economic strength increasing, the emergence of the middle class, the South Korean people requested to get rid of the control of the United States. What's more, the offence U.S. troops condemned in South Korea were also the reasons. Thus the South Korean people's Anti-American feelings highly increased since the end of the Cold War. In today's political environment, the rise of people's power will inevitably have an impact on the country's policies.The third part of this paper based on the analysis of the cases further explained the reasons why anti-Americanism was growing in post-Cold War. Globalization as a great historical background, naturally had a certain role on the rise of anti-Americanism. But some of the effects of globalization achieved through the interaction among countries, so this paper based on globalization, mainly the United States and anti-American forces analysed the reasons why anti-Americanism was growing. For the United States, first, in order to maintain the status, its global superpower status and its hegemonic policy have stimulated the emergence of anti-Americanism. The United States extrused other countries in political, military, cultural, and other aspects, including some developing countries, underdeveloped countries and regions, and U.S. allies. U.S. aggressive momentum conflicted and contradicted with other countries and regions when making its implementation of its global strategy, and the contradiction between the escalation of the conflict was anti-Americanism. Second, after the Bush administration taking office, a strong unilateralist policy caused more confusion and concern, which was one of the reasons why anti-Americanism rose. As for Anti-American forces on its own, their first consideration was safety, this security concern made them adopt a correct self-help approach in the face of the squeeze of United States, which was anti-American. Of course, some anti-Americanism not necessarily purely for security reasons, might also come from a strategic choice, or even speculative choice. A nation might look on anti-Americanism as a temporary strategy fighting for national interests, and certain parties or groups might base on passing internal conflicts or political struggle strategy to take the anti-US stand. Although we could classify the cause of anti-Americanism, the emergence of anti-Americanism on the specific events was often a variety of reasons.After analysing the anti-Americanism briefly, it is obvious that anti-Americanism was not a product of the irrational, but a choice the anti-American forces based on a variety of conditions and principles. Although some extreme anti-Americanism such as terrorist attacks should be strongly condemned, anti-Americanism has not perish in a short period of time, for the majority factors of anti-Americanism can not be changed in a short period of time. Anti-Americanism, as a strength and a phenomenon affecting the world's political and economic development , should be highly valued.