| In 2005, the 5th Plenary of the 16th Congress of Chinese Communist Party put forward the major historic task of constructing new socialist countryside. It aimed at production development, life affluent, village civilization, country tidy, manage democracy, which describes a beautiful piece of blueprint of new countryside for us. It was achievement of central taking on the overall situation, focusing on the long term, advancing with the times. It was deepening and sublimation for three rural guiding thought, which is based on economic social development rule scientifically in new period and deeply understanding agriculture and country economic situation.As time as putting forward the construction of the new socialist countryside, the Central Government Stressed an important principle that let farmers play the dominant position. This principle is scientific and rational and Win line endorsed of the majority of scholars because farmers are builders of beneficiaries. But how is the Level of the rural human Capital in our State now? Can it play the dominant position well? The fact is the level is obviously low for various reasons such as history, system, national policy and so on, seriously affecting their Capacity to play the dominant position. Moreover, many Grass-roots government take this as an excuse to make arbitrary decisions which against the farmers' interests in many respects.Comprehensive on, the level of rural human capital needs to be upgrade urgent to construct new countryside, Otherwise the target will be difficult to achieve.This paper will give a brief analysis the significance of farmers' dominant position in the new countryside constructing first, then focus on demonstration of as a important condition, the rural human capital's impact on the farmers' dominant position playing, and then on the basis of depth analyzing the causes of the low rural human capital, gives some targeted advices to promote it.
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