A Study Of The Charity And Relief In Hunan In The Later Period Of The Republic Of China From 1937 To 1949

For Hunan Province , the later period of the Republic of China from 1937 to 1949 is a historical period that it suffered disasters most seriously. The disasters of the invading enemies and the alternate natural calamities destroyed the normal social order .Tens of thousands of refugees and victims had intensely pounded the frail social economy of Hunan, forming serious social problems. In order to cure the wounds which the war and disasters left behind, the philanthropy took on the arduous duties of the rescue and the disaster relief. During the period, it didn' t have challenges but opportunities; At the same time, it is developing as well as tortuous. This thesis tries to give a thorough and systemic study of the social background, the administrative system evolution, the contents, features and functions of charity, thus promulgating the historical rule which the charity develops and shed light on the present charity relief. The thesis is separated into 5 parts:The first part inspects the changes of the charity and relief and evolution of the charity system during the 2 historical stages of the later period of the Republic of China. The environment mainly includes politics, the society, the economy, the culture and so on, while, charity system is mainly made up of charitable law policy and charitable relief administrative organization.The second and the third parts elaborate the charitable relief cause of Hunan during the later period of the Republic of China. The thesis makes the gradual inspections to the charity relief of the around two stages from the historical angle: first, the charitable relief during the Sino—Japanese War is divided into two parts—the temporary and the daily charity relief ;second ,the postwar charity relief is mainly that the Hunan branch office of CNRRA made use of the relief supply that UNRRA provided to relieve victims and refugees returning to their homes . The combination of the urgent relief , the labor relief and the agriculture relief make the two-fold tasks of relief and rehabilitation realize.The fourth part has analyzed the historical characteristics which the charitable relief cause of this period developed: the complexity of the relief object and the difficulty of the relief duty, the government's leading role of the main relief body and the social participation, the national characteristics of the charitable culture and the international humanitarian spirit, the multiformity of the relief form and the mutual cooperation of the relief organizations.The fifth part discusses the relation between the charity relief cause of this period and Hunan social changes .The charity relief is an effective measure to alleviate social conflicts and mobilize the social resources . In the later period of the Republic of China, the National charity stabilized the social order, saved the massive social labor power and impelled the restoration and development of the industry, agriculture, transportation and the public health.