| Since time immemorial, building a harmonious society has always been a dream for human beings. Right after the emergence of the concept of constructing a socialist harmonious society, it has become a hot topic in China. Not only is the concept a consensus in ruling and managing the country of the leaders in China, but also a key issue in the academic field. Guided by the theories of Marxism, this thesis analyses the meaning and nature of a Harmonious Society through a comparative study of the past and present. It proposes that we should review the thoughts in constructing a harmonious society by ancient philosophers. The thesis also presents an overall expression of the origin of the concept of harmonious society in ancient times, and makes detailed study of the ideas of the philosophical schools of Confucianism, Daoism, and Moism. It is a systematic analysis of the causes of harmonious society in ancient China, and points out the significance of reviewing historical events for the practice in contemporary China. Based on the research by other people, and the analysis of the practice of building harmonious societies in ancient China, this thesis draws out some rules, which can help us with our current work.The thesis is divided into three parts, namely the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.The introduction contains the information of the theme, literature resource and a general survey of the literature. The body of the paper contains four chapters.Chapter 1 of the thesis analyses the origin of the idea of building a harmonious society in ancient China. Harmony in the society has always been a dream for all the people, including the parties guided by Marxism. The thoughts of harmony has a long history in China. Such concepts have permeated into the relationship between people, the ethics, the management of states, and the understanding of the Nature. "Harmony" refers to a state of order, well organized and coordinated.The thoughts of harmony originated very early in China. It emerged as early as in the Zhou dynasty (11th century BC). This concept is elaborated also in the works of Kong Qiu (Confucius), Lao Dan (father of Daoism) and Mo Di (founder of Moism). Ancient philosophers in China have also tried to lay out the detailed blueprints of a harmonious society, and such plans have been generalized into the ideas of a well-off society and/or a society of great harmony. The concept of a society of great harmony has influenced China ever since it has been proposed.In Chapter 2, the thesis analyses the contents of the theory of building harmonious society in ancient China. In Chinese culture, "harmony" has three levels: the harmony of the personal emotions and feelings, of the relationship between people, and of the relationship between humanity and the heaven. The realization of harmony of all these three levels is called the Grand Harmony. Such a categorization can also be the aims of constructing a harmonious society in modern China. The harmony between people, nation, and people and the Nature will be our utmost goal.Chapter 3 analyses the practice of constructing harmonious society in ancient china. Ancient China has a rich resource of thoughts of constructing a harmonious society. Such a society has been the goals of many emperors. There has appeared many historical periods in China which have the characteristics of a harmonious society, namely, the Wenjing Period, Zhenguan Period and Kaiyuan Period in the Tang dynasty and early Qing dynasty. People in such periods enjoy a strong nation of prosperity, security and harmony. The causes of prosperity in such periods can give us inspirations in constructing a socialist harmonious society.Chapter 4 analyses the practice of constructing harmonious society in ancient china and its revelation. As history can serve as a guidance for our current practice, we can also learn from the practice of constructing a harmonious society in ancient times. In Constructing a harmonious society, we should follow the leadership of the Communist Party; we should adhere to the concept of human-oriented ruling; we should reach a harmonious state with the Nature, and adopt a sustainable way of development; we should give priority to the development of economy, so that all the people can enjoy the fruits of development and progress of society; we should development the democracy and guarantee the fairness in the society; we should inherit and development ancient culture, and strength the pillar of a harmonious society; and finally, we should reform the policies in human resource. Only by learning from ancient lessons can we find a better approach in constructing a harmonious society in modern China.The conclusion reveals the significance of learning from ancient Chinese culture, and points out that the thoughts of constructing a harmonious society is a rich resource that we can draw upon. At the same time, the reform and renovation of ancient Chinese culture can be a great contribution to the progress of the harmony and civilization in the whole world.
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