| In April 1990, the U.S. Defense Department officials raised the nuclear issue of North Korea. According the information and satellite photos, the United States questioned that North Korea is developing nuclear weapons and found it added nuclear reactor and ancillary facilities in 90 km north of Pyongyang. The United States and Japan jointly put pressure on North Korea and strongly requested that North Korea, the United States and South Korea signed a nuclear safeguard agreement. North Korea announced to withdraw from the "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty", which make the United States held a joint military exercise. Suddenly the situation on the Korean peninsula tensed, and then the first nuclear crisis broke out.North Korean nuclear crisis has gone through three times. The second took place in 2002, while the third took place in October 2006. After the North Korean nuclear crisis, North Korea and the United States struggled more acutely. South Korea, Japan, China, and Russia States in Northeast Asia have shown their attitude and position and put forward their own policies, as well as made multi-level diplomatic efforts on the North Korean nuclear issue. Now the North Korean nuclear issue remains unresolved. Because of the North Korean nuclear issue, North Korea appears volatility of the situation on the peninsula in the Northeast Asian region and even the danger of war has not been eliminated. North Korea and the United States require patience and wisdom to exercise restraint and resolve the North Korean nuclear issue, and also need the relevant countries and the international community to continue efforts.First of all, this paper has been combing the origin and development of the North Korean nuclear issue, then analyses development policy and origins of the North Korea's nuclear. Secondly, the paper studied the position of policy options of the relevant parties. Finally, the paper studied the essence and the crux of the North Korean nuclear issue. Based on this analysis, it forecasted the prospects for the development on the Korean nuclear issue and proposed the rational choice to resolve the Korean nuclear issue, as well as crisis management mechanisms, and put forward the proposals to how to play the role and strengthen the six-party talk mechanism in the process of resolving the nuclear issue.The first part of the paper explored the origin and development of the North Korean nuclear issue. It discussed the development policy and origin of the North Korea's nuclear. The paper pointed out that the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue had been so for a long time. Since World War II, in order to ensure its security and integrity of the sovereignty and independence, as well as their own survival and development, North Korea had taken an independent nuclear safety and security strategy. The United States take Surrounded by hostile long-term blockade to North Korea, which made the ultimate subversion of the current system of the Korean policy toward North Korea's decision so that lead the Korean Peninsula nuclear crisis. It is the findings and products of confrontation of the policy and interests of these two countries. The main source of North Korea's development of nuclear weapons is that American take the North Korea nuclear threat policy. North Korean nuclear crisis is also the end of the Korean international living environment, as well as the geopolitical changes after the Cold War. Second, the Korean Peninsula nuclear crisis is also an end of U.S. policy in East Asia, and even global strategic adjustment. After the Cold War, the international situation has undergone a fundamental change. The international forces re-divide, particularly in order to set up post-Cold War international order under the US-led. On the one hand, The United States strengthen coordination and cooperation to the developed countries. At the same time, it also strengthen to interfere and control the Third World, still reluctant to give up the Cold War mentality and adopt the policy of containment to a small number of socialist countries. Especially for North Korea, the United States on behalf of the Western developed countries continue to blockade to take high-handed policy. In such situation, North Korea took possession of nuclear weapons to oppose containment and deterrence of the United States to ensure its own security. Therefore, in the 1990s after the end of the Cold War, North Korea's nuclear program speeds up the pace. North Korea began to accelerate the development of nuclear weapons, and hope to become a nuclear power. The United States are very sensitive to North Korea's movements, and keep on high alert and pay close attention. This means the Korean Peninsula has again been a turmoil inevitable after the Cold War. North Korean nuclear crisis has gone through three times. The first time took place in 1992; second place in 2002, while the third took place on October 9, 2006.The second part studied the position and policy options of the relevant parties on the issue. From the geo-political position of the Korean Peninsula, the importance of the North Korean nuclear issue, as well as the strategic interests of the United States, South Korea, Japan, China, Russia, the paper analyses the positions of the parties. Interests decided the position. Based on their own interests, these countries have different approaches, and the position of advocating the adoption of different policies and practice on North Korea's nuclear program:The United States adopted a tough policy. Its position and approach are very clear on the North Korean nuclear issue. It is firmly opposed to North Korea to guard against and prevent the development and possession of nuclear weapons. For this, it would not hesitate to use all means and forces to stop the pace of North Korea making nuclear weapons and give full play the role of multilateral coordination mechanisms for peace talks to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue, as well as use military means to put pressure on North Korea, to force North Korea to abandon nuclear weapons development program.South Korea's dilemma. South Korea is in the dilemma on the North Korea nuclear issue. The South Korean people think the Korean nuclear issue is the biggest problem faced by South Korea since the Korean War. On the one hand the implementation of peace and prosperity policy did not want the peninsula in its war, and stressed reconciliation and negotiations. On the other hand, South Korea and the United States coordinate policy on North Korea to put pressure on them to give up its nuclear program.China's policy about coordination and cooperation. The peace and stability of the situation on the Korean peninsula accorded China's strategic interests. The Korean nuclear crisis has respect to the Northeast Asia regional security and stability. China can not stay out. Chinese government has its own interests to defend, and we have our own position and point of view, also have our own policies and diplomatic option. The Chinese government has a clear position on North Korea's nuclear program, and that is: First, China stands for denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Second, China is not in favor of North Korea's withdrawal from the "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty." The nuclear framework agreement signed by North Korea and the United States in 1994 should be fully implemented. Third, the maintenance of nuclear non-proliferation regime is in line with the common interests of the international community. Fourth, North Korea's reasonable concerns should be addressed. Fifth, we hope that the parties to remain calm and to refrain from further escalation of the situation. Oppose the use of force, war and military means to resolve the North Korea nuclear crisis, and believe dialogue is the most effective way to resolve the Korean nuclear issue. North Korea resolves the issues of respective concern between North Korea and the United States through dialogue to safeguard peace and stability of the Korean Peninsula.Japan's policy options are both high pressure and sanctions. Japan is against North Korea's missile tests as well as nuclear weapons. South Korea advocates dialogue but Japan insists on sanctions against North Korea's attitude and position of high pressure. Japan's position on the North Korean nuclear program is the same throughout its North Korea policy line. Japan's post-war policy toward the North Korea experienced by the normalization of diplomatic relations between the hostile policy to policy. Japan and North Korea were in a state of hostility during the Cold War. Japan and the United States had formed an alliance to jointly contain North Korea to implement the blockade, and the hostile policy of containment of the Cold War.Russia's non-nuclear coordination and multilateral policy. On the North Korea nuclear issue, Russia's basic approach is to implement the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, which accords both the interests of both sides, and the whole of Northeast Asia's security interests of neighboring countries. Russia does not support the use of force, threat of force or sanctions to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue, but through political means and negotiations to implement the North Korea nuclear issue effectively resolved. To address the North Korea nuclear issue, Russia carried out a variety of efforts to carry out a multilateral coordination.These different policies and related diplomatic efforts form a joint force. These complex and contradictory interests of the interactive relationship between the North Korea nuclear issues play a complex role.The third part of the paper is about prospects for the development on the Korean nuclear issue and mechanisms to deal with the crisis. The development trend of North Korean nuclear crisis is decided by the contradictory nature and characteristics of the North Korean nuclear issue. The key solution was to seize the crux of the problem and improve operational mechanism which is existing and proven to be very effective. To resolve the Korean nuclear issue must give full play to the mechanism of six-party talks, and bring into play the UN Security Council and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The third part will include: (A) the essence of the Korean Peninsula nuclear crisis problem: the Korean Peninsula nuclear crisis become continuously upgrade, the complex and changeable, capricious. From these, we can see the problem is very difficult to solve. It is difficult to establish balance interests, and there lack the necessary trust between the two sides. It is very necessary and meaningful to how to see essence. Through researching the whole story on the Korean Peninsula nuclear crisis can come to the conclusion that the nuclear crisis on the Korean Peninsula issue is a product of the Cold War, the end of the Cold War and also a product of the Cold War mentality. It is the result and performance which based on ideological opposition to the core of the United States and North Korea's structural contradictions. (B) The North Korean nuclear problem. After the Cold War, the Libyan nuclear issue, the nuclear issues between India and Pakistan, Israel, and so on were basically in a better solution, at least not given rise to international shocks. Iran's nuclear issue is not easy to solve, and there is uncertainty, however, it is not like the North Korean nuclear issue which is so complex and difficult to resolve, and so unpredictable. The reason why the North Korean nuclear issue more complicated is that North Korea and the United States hostile and do not trust each other. By drawing the words and deeds on the Korean Peninsula nuclear crisis, we can see that the deep-rooted mutual distrust and hostility of North Korea and the United States is the crux of the problem, distrust is a result of hostility, and hostility brings distrust, which form a vicious circle between the two. The immediate need to address the problem is how to establish trust. Further analysis why the United States does not trust North Korea and South Korea can trust? That is the question of ideology. If the United States continue to adhere to the Cold War mentality and engage in ideological confrontation, not to give up its hostile policy toward North Korea, distrust is deep-rooted. On the other hand, North Korea does not trust the United States and North Korea do not trust the United States in addition to the United States-based political hostility on the Korean socialist regime, but also have the same experience and factual basis. (C) Prospects for the development of North Korea nuclear issue and the rational choice. We have forecast more or less development prospects and development trends on the North Korea nuclear issue. The first development prospects and development trends is that the North Korean nuclear issue to linger on indefinitely. The North Korean nuclear crisis ups and downs the track again in the past which is to ease the crisis——again——and then to ease the crisis. It is still difficult to solve. The second development prospects and development trends is that the North Korean nuclear issue through the use of force. The United States through a "pre-emptive" military strategy launched a military offensive to North Korea, and through the surgery to destroy North Korea's nuclear facilities, and even use militarily defeated North Korea. Third, in a period of less long-term period of time through negotiations, North Korea and the United States through the joint efforts of both sides to settle the North Korean nuclear issue. This is a win-win prospect for the development of the rational. The fourth trend of development is to force a breakthrough on the Korean nuclear threshold and become similar to India and Pakistan as countries in the absence of strong and effective international constraints in fact become a nuclear power. Based on the view of the above-mentioned North Korea on the nuclear issue and possible future development direction, we arrive at a rational conclusion that the possibility of a third fight is in the best interests of all parties. North Korea and the United States make the joint efforts of a peaceful solution to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue, and to achieve a win-win development. (D) North Korea nuclear issue and importance of the six-party talk mechanism. The six-party talks on the Korean nuclear issue held total 6 times from 2008 to May 2008. It eases and resolves the North Korean nuclear crisis many times. In resolving the North Korea nuclear crisis, it led dialogue and exchange, mutual understanding and mutual trusts, and safeguard the stability of the situation on the Korean Peninsula. The six-party talk mechanism is a result of the North-East Asia to seek dialogue to seek multilateralism, which has been the basic framework of the Northeast Asian security mechanism. It should and can continue to play a constructive role to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue in the new situation. |
