Cooperation Mechanism Between Chinese Government And Non-governmental Organizations In Disaster Relief

Post-disaster reconstruction is a long-term, complex, systemic, unprecedented mission which requires not only government support, but also need non-governmental organizations to take part in. Facing a flood of disaster, how to build a fast, efficient, durable, and orderly mechanism for disaster relief, is the issue which need to be resolved quickly. It is regarded by the modern theory of public management that both government and NGOs are main bodies of social and public affairs management. A good working relationship between them will enhance the effectiveness of public administration. Because of various reasons, however, there are lots of problems in the relationship between government and NGOs. These problems have limited the transformation and exercise of government functions, and the ability of self-management and self- development of the society. For these problems, I try to analysis and research it in the perspective of public administration. Therefore, this research attempts to put the theoretical research that the Government and non-governmental relations under the particular background of post-disaster relief, by analyzing the existing problems and main reason of conflicts, to find and provide an effective cooperation mechanism of the government and non-governmental organizations in China's current stage.The main viewpoints from my research are: (1) both government and NGOs are main participants in the process of post-disaster relief; (2) flexible and versatile approaches should be adopted in order to build an effective mechanism of co-operations between government and NGOs; (3) different co-operative approaches should be employed at different times and based on the types of NGOs and the demands of needy persons. By doing so, we can utilize the succor resources more effectively and realize the advantages of both government and NGOs, thus resulting in the state of"a positive-sum game"in which the integration of the parts is greater than their sum.There are three parts in this thesis:First, the theoretical analysis on the relationship between Government and NGOs. To begin with, I have to give a definition of the word"NGO"in my thesis. Then, I try to compare all these theories and models and give my opinion. This part of is the theoretical basis of my thesis. Although the word"NGO"is widely used, it was not strict definited. In this paper, I agree with Professor Salamon who define NOG as the organization which is formal, non-governmental, non-profit, autonomous, voluntary and non-profit. In fact, as Chinese society is in a transition period, NGOs have their own characters. They are quite different form other countries', both in characters and scope. The common words in UN's documents are being used in this paper, which is the concept of NGOs which has the same meaning with other relevant words, such as NPOs, The third sector etc. All of them are the social organizations which have the above-mentioned characters and neither belongs to the government nor the market. At present, there are 6 theories on the relationship between government and NGOs: 1, Governance theory, 2, the typology of relationship between the Government and non-governmental organizations, 3, government, market, voluntary sector interdependence theory, theory of government failure, theory of market failure, the third sector management theory. And there are following five representative theoretical models in academia on the relationship between government and NGOs.1, Wuthnow theory on inter-dependence of Government, the market and Non-Profit sector. 2, Gidron, Kramer and Salamon, model on the relationship between Government and Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs). 3, Coston model on the relationship between Government and Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) 4, Najam's 4-Cs'model on Government-NGOs Relationship. 5, Young model on the relationship between Government and Non-ProfitOrganizations (NPOs). The first part of gives a brief summary on these theories. Second, the necessity and characteristics of cooperation between government and NGOs in post-disaster relief. The second part of this paper starts at the basis of cooperation, the necessity of cooperation and the possibility of cooperation. Then it gives sufficient proof on the necessity of cooperation between government and NGOs in post-disaster relief, and explains why we choose to cooperate rather than the other ways? Where is necessary to cooperative? When I try to clarify the main features of the cooperation of post-disaster relief in China, I review the history of the cooperation and compare the difference of political systems between China and West countries and find out the characters of them: 1, Government is the most important part in post-disaster relief in China. NGOs are assist government to complete the task and they are not independence. 2, there are not enough resources and efficiency. 3, there are little areas for cooperation and the relationship is rigid. After that, I analysis the reason that why it give rise to the characters in post-disaster relief between Chinese government and NGOs cooperative relationships: 1, there is an obvious problems——"the duality of the Government and the Social"——of Chinese NGOs. 2, the external environment of cooperation is irregular or lost 3, immature development of civil society.Third, Cooperation mechanism between Chinese government and NGOs in Disaster relief. According to our experience, characters, original model of rescue and limitations in post-disaster relief at present stage and other characters and advantages in western countries, to establish a deep and multi-level cooperation mechanism of post-disaster. By analyzing the objective situation of government and NGOs in Chinese disaster relief and framework structure of cooperative mechanism, try to built different cooperation mechanisms according to the different periods in post-disaster, different type of NGOs and different needs in disaster area. First, we could build different cooperation mechanisms according to the different periods in post-disaster. Because there are different tasks in different periods, we could establish the difference cooperation mechanism between government and NGOs in post-disaster by time periods. At the short-term of the disaster, we could establish a of government leading cooperation mechanism. At the medium-term the disaster, we could establish the Government-NGO balance cooperation mechanism. At the At the long-term of the disaster, we could establish NGOs leading cooperation mechanism. Secondly, we could build different cooperation mechanisms according to the different type of NGOs. Because there are many differences in different kinds of NGOs, we could establish the difference cooperation mechanism between government and NGOs in post-disaster according to different kinds of NGOs: Government and the international non-governmental organizations should establish the Center divergent co-operation model; Government should establish the cooperative relations with the federation of national non-governmental organizations. Third, we could build different cooperation mechanisms according to different needs in disaster area. There are social impact, environmental impact, economic impact and psychological impact after disasters. Government and NGOs cooperation mechanisms should set up on the different types of social impacts. As for the path choice, I try to analyze from system level and operational level respectively. We should use the flat and flexible networks and information technology instead of the traditional unilateral rigid mode. And we should develop different ways to built cooperation mechanisms including financing mechanisms.