U.S. Policy Toward The United Nations Organization In The Congo (1960-1964)

U.N. peacekeeping is a kind of action, which is under the Security Council's or the General Assembly's resolution to solve international conflicts and maintain world peace by the use of armed and unarmed military. The U.S. government thought that in some of area not involved the fundamental interests of the two countries, U.S and Soviet Union, it is in the framework of United Nation's peacekeeping to maintain the international peace and security, and it is in the U.S. national interest to do so. In addition, using the dominant position in the United Nation, U.S. government can avoid the danger which would break out the dispute and in conflict with Soviet Union, through the UN peacekeeping operations, which the Soviet Union may also get involved. So the United States in UN peace-keeping operations are in the special political purpose.ONUC (Organization des Nations Unies au Congo, The United Nations Organization in the Congo) was a unprecedented and costly action during the cold war, which led to a deficit finance, and made a jurisprudential debate between U.S. and Soviet Union on UN peace-keeping operations: who is in absolute control of the U.N. peacekeeping in Congo, the Security Council or U.N.'s Congress; the arrangement of the U.N. membership dues and such as. Thus it is the first time to make the policy to the UN peace-keeping prominent in the United States diplomacy, and that laid a foundation for the future policy to the U.N. peacekeeping.The Congo was independent in the early 1960's during the global decolonized environment, which was helpful for the birth of the Congo. However, the Country was in the severe disordered as soon as its independence. Congo government asked for the United Nation's help. The Security Council made a resolution, which authorized Secretary General Hammarskjold organizing the U.N. peacekeeping in Congo. Eisenhower government was in support of the Congo peacekeeping from their own interests that was in fact to keep the Soviet Union from the Congo Crisis. When there is such symptom, Eisenhower government adopted a secret action to kill Lumumba, who was the prime minister of Congo and in Soviet Union's influence.As John F. Kennedy prepared to take power in January 1961, the Congo seemed to be disintegrating, despite of Lumumba's death. The Kennedy administration wanted a new approach to the Congo as part of a general reorientation of U.S. policy toward Africa. They wanted to improve U.S. relations with the newly-independent countries of black Africa. Kennedy government began to solve Congo problems and supported UN force Congo. Finally the Katanga division was resolved under the pressure of U.N.The costs of UN peacekeeping in Congo were so high that caused a tremendous economic and financial burden for the U.N. Throughout 1963, a major constitutional crisis was building at the U.N. because of persistent refusals by the Soviet Union and other countries. The Soviet Union argued that the peacekeeping operation was injustice, and the peacekeeping apportionments were illegal. On the one hand, US called on Soviet Union to pay its arrears, or clamored to submit to the 19 GA; on the other hand, the US avoided a showdown on application of Article 19, and wanted to work out a negotiated solution.