| Antonio Gramsci was one of the representatives of early Western Marxism. He rethought profoundly about the reason in the context of Eastern Europe socialism revolution had unsuccessfully, he held the idea that the civil society have matured in east country, so that hard revolution can not capture the proletariat regime, but hegemony can do that. Then, he put forward far-reaching “Hegemony theory”, which had exerted an important influence on reality.We had gotten the main ideas of Hegemony theory by its theoretical base and main concepts. After study a lot of books, we had known that Hegemony theory and Marxism Ideology have something in common and have something in different. The common things are they come down in one continuous line, and both of them agree with “ideology is a power or a fight field”. Of course, Hegemony theory is different from Marxism-Leninism, it follows Lenin’s theory of state, it is a breakthrough of Marxism Ideology, which is the charm of Hegemony theory. Here are the different points, first, different concepts; second, different understand of concept; third,different character, ideology is negative in Marxism Ideology, but positive in Hegemony theory; forth, different theoretical construction. Ideology is a highly legalization system in Hegemony theory, but criticize false ideology and illustrate proletarian ideology that are in one process.Hegemony theory had exerted an important influence on Western Marxism Ideology. First, it led traditional Marxism Ideology to “question of ideology and advocate life”, which influenced Western Marxism Ideology a lot, especially feminism and post-structuralism; second, Gramsci had a creative understanding about social function and role of ideology, which influenced structuralism—Louis Althusser“Ideological State Apparatuses” a lot; third, the structuralism—Nicos Poulantza Class theory and State theory followed it, Nicos Poulantza was one of students of Louis Althusser, so his ideas came from Althusser, and reflected the key of Gramsci’s ideas;fourth, postmodernism — Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe proposed a “new hegemony ”in the book《Hegemony and Socialist Strategy》,which followed Marxism Ideology; fifth, the concept of “agree” influenced Jurgen Habermas a lot. Jurgen Habermas proposed a theory “deliberative paradigm”, which was the same with Hegemony theory; sixth, postcolonialism — Edward Waefie Said proposed“Orientalism” which ideas came from Hegemony theory. Edward Waefie Said opposed Hegemony, which was a development of Hegemony theory in new right field.This thesis also had studied some points of Hegemony theory that in keeping with ideology of Chinese socialism. First, they had same basis and role. Chinese ideology of socialism base on study Marxism conscientiously, and introspected the international and national experiences. Hegemony theory was in the background of East-Europe socialist revolution failure. So, they were same; second, they had a lot in common about implement policy. Hegemony theory requested people to build a“collective consciousness” to consolidate the proletarian right. Ideology of Chinese socialism attached importance to strategic significance of cultural construction,advocate cultivating and acting socialist core values, and so on.I came to three revelations based on above words to built Ideology of Chinese socialism. First, clear consciousness. Hegemony theory is a universal weapon; second,clear mission, Ideology of Chinese socialism should combine history culture with modern politic right; third, clear responsibility organic intellectuals is the main force,proletariat party is the source of spirit. |
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