The "stand" And "break" Of System And Standard

The “parallelism”(Mou) is defined in Mohist Dialectics as that “comparing(Bi) propositions(Ci) and jointly proceeding(Xing) is called paralelism” and that “paralelism of propositions is valid(Zheng) only to a certain extent or up to a point”, which means that if a parallelism is tenable, it should meet two basic regulations, i.e. “comparing”(Bi) and “proceeding”(Xing), as well as meeting the requirement of “valid”(Zheng) between propositions. Only the case of “this and so” is eligible to comfirm with both basic regulations, so is the paralelism itself. There are three situations, i.e. three types of a parallelism’s basic contents, making a parallelism possible, which are the parallelism of amplification(Jia), of omission(Jian) and of substitution(Huan). Meanwhile, the reason or the standard which makes a parallelism possible is the category of “sameness”(Tong). According to the analyse of three types of a parallelism’s basic contents, it can be consulted that the Mohist parallelism belongs to the method of adding adjective to the proposition in Western formal logic, belongs to “complicated conceptual inference” or “relational inference” and to “parataxis”, that it has a pattern of omitting word(s) or proposition(s); while it can be also consulted that the relation between content items in a Mohist parallelism is inclusion relation, generic relation or relation in the same category, that the Mohist parallelism should supplement a valid pattern of complete negation called “not-this and not-so”, and that the Mohist parallelism belongs to direct deductive inference in accordance with the standard of category of “sameness” and is identified with “analogous propositions” or “analogism”, which can be drawn a comclusion that it is possible to put forward to a Mohist parallelism by empirical induction to judge the standard of category of “sameness”.